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Immediately following parturition, the female enters a period of reproductive repair called the '''Puerperium''' and begins lactation.  For a period of time these two processes overlap.   

* Immediately following parturition, the female enters a period of reproductive repair called the '''Puerperium''' and begins lactation.  For a period of time these two processes overlap.   

* During the puerperium '''uterine involution''' and return to ovarian function occurs.

* During the puerperium '''uterine involution''' and return to ovarian function occurs.

** '''Involution''' is the reduction in size and remodelling of the endometrium so that the uterus can initiate and sustain another pregnancy.

** '''Involution''' is the reduction in size and remodelling of the endometrium so that the uterus can initiate and sustain another pregnancy.

* The time required for complete uterine involution and [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-Oestrous_Cycle_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|ovarian activity]] to resume varies among species.

* The time required for complete uterine involution and [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-Oestrous_Cycle_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|ovarian activity]] to resume varies among species.

In many polyoestrous animals, the shortest possible puerperium is desirable because eligibility for a subsequent pregnancy is of high economic importance.

* In many polyoestrous animals, the shortest possible puerperium is desirable because eligibility for a subsequent pregnancy is of high economic importance.