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→What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?
==What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?==
==What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?==
===Whole Organsim===
===Whole Organism===
*Live attenuated organism
*Live attenuated organism
**Virulent and toxic organisms cannot be used as vaccines as they would cause disease
**Virulent and toxic organisms cannot be used as vaccines as they would cause disease
**Organisms can be killed using radiation or chemicals so that they still possess the antigens to stimulate an immune response, but the organisms are unable to replicate inside the host
**Organisms can be killed using radiation or chemicals so that they still possess the antigens to stimulate an immune response, but the organisms are unable to replicate inside the host
**Toxins are inactivated to produce a toxoid which will still have the antigens needed to produce an immune reponse but will not be harmful to the host
**Toxins are inactivated to produce a toxoid which will still have the antigens needed to produce an immune response but will not be harmful to the host
**Needs two doses
**Needs two doses
*Some create a depot of antigen at the injection site allowing a steady flow of antigen into the afferent lymph
*Some create a depot of antigen at the injection site allowing a steady flow of antigen into the afferent lymph
*Some stimulate the immune system to amplify the adaptive immune reponse to antigens
*Some stimulate the immune system to amplify the adaptive immune response to antigens
**E.g. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
**E.g. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
**E.g. PAMP-like adjuvants which assist naive T cell priming
**E.g. PAMP-like adjuvants which assist naive T cell priming
*Different subtypes of T helper cells are stimulated by different adjuvants
*Different subtypes of T helper cells are stimulated by different adjuvants
**E.g. Aluminium salts generate bias T helper II reponses for '''antibody'''-mediated immunity
**E.g. Aluminium salts generate bias T helper II responses for '''antibody'''-mediated immunity
**E.g. Killed mycobacteria generate IL-12 producing good '''cell'''-mediated immunity
**E.g. Killed mycobacteria generate IL-12 producing good '''cell'''-mediated immunity