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''aka: Wire; Hardware Disease''
===Description===

*[[Forestomach Inflammation - Pathology|''Pathophysiology'']]

*A common cause of severe abdominal pain in cattle.

*Rare in other animals.


===Diagnosis===

====History & Clinical Signs====

*Common in dairy cattle

*Dull

*Depressed

*Extension of the neck

*Arching of the back

*Standing with elbows abducted

*Signs of right sided heart failure

*Peripheral oedema


====Physical Exam====

*Grunt (pain response) when pressure is applied to the ventral abdomen

*Increased temperature

*Increased pulses

*Decreased to absent rumenal activity

*Dry mucus covered feces

*Tachycardia


====Laboratory Findings====

Complete Cell Count:

*Neutrophilia with a left shift

*Increased fibrinogen

*Increased serum total protein


Fluid Analysis: Fluid used from pericardiocentesis can confirm traumatic pericarditis

*Bacteria within neutrophils

*A large number of degenerate neutrophils


====Treatment====

*Confine animal

*Broad Spectrum Antibiotics

*Administer fluids if the animal is dehydrated

*Remove foreign object with a rumenotomy

*Due to economics most animals are culled

*Prevention through good husbandry practices is the best treatment!