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New page: {{toplink |backcolour = |linkpage =Cardiology - WikiClinical |linktext =Cardiology |sublink1=Cardiovascular Conditions - WikiClinical |subtext1=CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS |maplink1= Cardiov...
{{toplink
|backcolour =
|linkpage =Cardiology - WikiClinical
|linktext =Cardiology
|sublink1=Cardiovascular Conditions - WikiClinical
|subtext1=CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS
|maplink1= Cardiovascular Conditions (Content Map) - WikiClinical
|pagetype=Clinical
}}
<br>
*Common in dogs: especially subvalvular lesions; Boxers usually have valvular stenosis
*Rare in cats: usually they get supravalvular lesions
===Signalment===
Genetics & Predisposed Breeds: Newfoundland, Boxer, German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, Bull Terrier
===Description===
The three possible areas for aortic stenosis to occur:
1. Subvalvular or subaortic (occurs below the valve)
2. Valvular or aortic (occurs at the valve)
3. Supravalvular (occurs after the valve)
*The stenotic area is a consequence of fibrous tissue on and around the aortic valve
*A narrowing of the aortic outflow tract causes an increase in pressure
*Increased pressure leads to left ventricular dilation and concentric hypertrophy as a means of maintaining sufficient cardiac output
*The severity of stenosis determines the extent of hypertrophy
*Hypertrophy of the myocardium leads to an increased oxygen demand and decreased diastolic filling
*Insufficient oxygen to meet the new needs of the hypertrophied left ventricle predisposes the animal to ventricular arrhythmias
*There is an increased risk of bacterial endocarditis in animals affected by this condition
===Diagnosis===
====History & Clinical Signs====
-Weakness
-Exercise Intolerance
-Syncope
-Stunting of Growth
-Pallor
-Or may be asymptomatic
====Physical Exam====
-Systolic murmur (Loudest over aortic valve)
-Weak femoral pulses
====Radiographic Findings====
-Left ventricular enlargement or bulge around the aortic valve
-Radiographs may appear normal due to concentric hypertrophy
====Electrocardiography (ECG)====
-Increased R-wave amplitude (Indicates Left Ventricular Hypertrophy)
-Ventricular Arrhythmias (Only Severely Affected Animals)
====Echocardiography====
-Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy
-Fibrous Tissue around aortic valve
-Dilation ascending aorta
-Dilation of the left atrium
===Treatment===
Palliative Treatment=alleviate symptoms without curing disease
-Exercise Restriction
-B-Blockers (Prevent/Control Ventricular Arrhythmias)
Surgical Treatment=currently poor outcome
-Balloon Valvuloplasty
===Prognosis===
'''Mild to Moderate SAS:'''
-Normal quality of life if there is no progression of the malformation
'''Severe SAS:'''
-Poor quality of life
-Complications from development of congestive heart failure or cardiac arrhythmias
-Sudden death within the first 1-3 years of life
|backcolour =
|linkpage =Cardiology - WikiClinical
|linktext =Cardiology
|sublink1=Cardiovascular Conditions - WikiClinical
|subtext1=CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS
|maplink1= Cardiovascular Conditions (Content Map) - WikiClinical
|pagetype=Clinical
}}
<br>
*Common in dogs: especially subvalvular lesions; Boxers usually have valvular stenosis
*Rare in cats: usually they get supravalvular lesions
===Signalment===
Genetics & Predisposed Breeds: Newfoundland, Boxer, German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, Bull Terrier
===Description===
The three possible areas for aortic stenosis to occur:
1. Subvalvular or subaortic (occurs below the valve)
2. Valvular or aortic (occurs at the valve)
3. Supravalvular (occurs after the valve)
*The stenotic area is a consequence of fibrous tissue on and around the aortic valve
*A narrowing of the aortic outflow tract causes an increase in pressure
*Increased pressure leads to left ventricular dilation and concentric hypertrophy as a means of maintaining sufficient cardiac output
*The severity of stenosis determines the extent of hypertrophy
*Hypertrophy of the myocardium leads to an increased oxygen demand and decreased diastolic filling
*Insufficient oxygen to meet the new needs of the hypertrophied left ventricle predisposes the animal to ventricular arrhythmias
*There is an increased risk of bacterial endocarditis in animals affected by this condition
===Diagnosis===
====History & Clinical Signs====
-Weakness
-Exercise Intolerance
-Syncope
-Stunting of Growth
-Pallor
-Or may be asymptomatic
====Physical Exam====
-Systolic murmur (Loudest over aortic valve)
-Weak femoral pulses
====Radiographic Findings====
-Left ventricular enlargement or bulge around the aortic valve
-Radiographs may appear normal due to concentric hypertrophy
====Electrocardiography (ECG)====
-Increased R-wave amplitude (Indicates Left Ventricular Hypertrophy)
-Ventricular Arrhythmias (Only Severely Affected Animals)
====Echocardiography====
-Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy
-Fibrous Tissue around aortic valve
-Dilation ascending aorta
-Dilation of the left atrium
===Treatment===
Palliative Treatment=alleviate symptoms without curing disease
-Exercise Restriction
-B-Blockers (Prevent/Control Ventricular Arrhythmias)
Surgical Treatment=currently poor outcome
-Balloon Valvuloplasty
===Prognosis===
'''Mild to Moderate SAS:'''
-Normal quality of life if there is no progression of the malformation
'''Severe SAS:'''
-Poor quality of life
-Complications from development of congestive heart failure or cardiac arrhythmias
-Sudden death within the first 1-3 years of life