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− | {{toplink
| + | ===Hypersensitivity=== |
− | |backcolour = FFE4E1 | + | <FlashCard questions="3"> |
− | |linkpage =Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood | + | |q1=What is hypersensitivity? |
− | |linktext =HYPERSENSITIVITY | + | |a1= |
− | |sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood | + | *A hyperactive immune response to an antigen |
− | |subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS | + | *Leading to cell and tissue damage |
− | |pagetype =Blood | + | *It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity) |
− | }}
| + | |l1=Hypersensitivity - Introduction |
| + | |q2=Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions? |
| + | |a2=Gell and Coombs |
| + | |l2=Hypersensitivity - Introduction |
| + | |q3=Complete the following sentences |
| + | <p>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction. </p> |
| + | |a3= |
| + | *antibody mediated |
| + | *cell mediated |
| + | |l3=Hypersensitivity - Introduction#Classification |
| + | </FlashCard> |
| + | ===Type I Hypersensitivity=== |
| + | <FlashCard questions="5"> |
| + | |q1=What is type I hypersensitivity also known as? |
| + | |a1= |
| + | *Anaphylactic-mediated |
| + | *IgE-mediated |
| + | |l1=Type I Hypersensitivity |
| + | |q2=What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity? |
| + | |a2=Allergens |
| + | |l2=Type I Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
| + | |q3=Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction |
| + | |a3= |
| + | *Plant pollens |
| + | *Foods |
| + | *Drugs |
| + | *Proteins |
| + | *Insect products |
| + | |l3=Type I Hypersensitivity#Common allergens which elict a type I hypersensitivity reaction: |
| + | |q4=Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area? |
| + | |a4= |
| + | *Vasodilation |
| + | *Oedema |
| + | *Mucous production |
| + | *Chemoattractants cause the influx of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], basophils, [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]] and plasma |
| + | *Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres |
| + | |l4=Type I Hypersensitivity#Mechanism |
| + | |q5=Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions |
| + | |a5= |
| + | *Sweet-itch |
| + | *Atopy |
| + | *Flea allergic dermatitis |
| + | |l5=Type I Hypersensitivity#Examples of Type I hypersensitivity |
| + | </FlashCard> |
| + | ===Type II Hypersensitivity=== |
| + | <FlashCard questions="3"> |
| + | |q1=What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens? |
| + | |a1= |
| + | *IgG |
| + | *[[IgM]] |
| + | *Fixed antigens |
| + | |l1=Type II Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
| + | |q2=What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions? |
| + | |a2=Neutralisation blockage of receptors |
| + | |l2=Type II Hypersensitivity#Mechanism |
| + | |q3=Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process? |
| + | |a3= |
| + | *Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) |
| + | **Pemphigus vulgaris |
| + | **Bullous pemphigoid |
| + | *Complement mediated lysis |
| + | **Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia |
| + | **Blood transfusion reaction |
| + | **Haemolytic disease of new born |
| + | **Feline infectious anaemia |
| + | *Phagocytosis |
| + | |l3=Type II Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
| + | </FlashCard> |
| + | ===Type III Hypersensitivity=== |
| + | <FlashCard questions="5"> |
| + | |q1=Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens? |
| + | |a1= |
| + | *IgG |
| + | *Soluble antigens |
| + | |l1=Type III Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
| + | |q2=What does inhaling antigen locally lead to? |
| + | |a2=Hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
| + | |l2=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes: |
| + | |q3=What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response? |
| + | |a3= |
| + | *Glomerulonephritis |
| + | *Arthritis |
| + | *Vasculitis |
| + | *Acute inflammation |
| + | |l3=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes: |
| + | |q4=What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have? |
| + | |a4= |
| + | *Vasculitis |
| + | *Erythema |
| + | *Oedema |
| + | *Neutropaenia |
| + | *Proteinurea |
| + | |l4=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes: |
| + | |q5=Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen |
| + | |a5=Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) |
| + | |l5=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes: |
| + | </FlashCard> |
| + | ===Type IV Hypersensitivity=== |
| + | <FlashCard questions="7"> |
| + | |q1=What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as? |
| + | |a1=Delayed-type hypersensitivity |
| + | |l1=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
| + | |q2=What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have? |
| + | |a2= |
| + | *Abnormal macrophage activation |
| + | *Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) |
| + | |l2=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
| + | |q3=What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have? |
| + | |a3=Destruction of normal cells |
| + | |l3=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
| + | |q4=What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions? |
| + | |a4= |
| + | *Contact |
| + | *Granulomatous |
| + | |l4=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2 types: |
| + | |q5=What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis? |
| + | |a5=Mononuclear cells |
| + | |l5=Type IV Hypersensitivity#1. Contact |
| + | |q6=Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response |
| + | |a6= |
| + | *Mycobacterium tubercle |
| + | *Schistosome eggs |
| + | |l6=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2. Granulomatous |
| + | |q7=What is the tuberculin test? |
| + | |a7= |
| + | *Used for testing TB in cattle |
| + | *Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin |
| + | *A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]]) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection |
| + | |l7=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2. Granulomatous |
| + | </FlashCard> |
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− | ==<font color="purple">Hypersensitivity</font>==
| + | <br><br> |
− | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" | + | {{Jim Bee 2007}} |
− | !width="400"|'''Question'''
| + | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] |
− | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
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− | !width="150"|'''Article'''
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− | |-
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− | |<big>'''What is hypersensitivity?'''
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− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
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− | *'''''A hyperactive immune response to an antigen'''''
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− | *'''''Leading to cell and tissue damage'''''
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− | *'''''It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity)'''''
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− | ||[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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− | |-
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− | |<big>'''Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?'''
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− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
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− | *'''''Gell and Coombs'''''
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− | ||[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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− | |-
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− | |<big>'''Complete the following sentences'''
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− | ||<big>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are <font color="white">'''''antibody'''''</font> mediated reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a <font color="white">'''''cell'''''</font> mediated reaction.
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− | ||[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Classification|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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− | |}
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− | | + | [[Category:Hypersensitivity|Z]] |
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− | <big><center>[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO HYPERSENSITIVITY''']]</center></big>
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− | <big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>
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