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Immunodeficiencies - WikiBlood (view source)
Revision as of 11:14, 8 September 2008
, 11:14, 8 September 2008→Viral Causes
====Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)====
====Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)====
*Oncogenic retrovirus
*Causes neoplasia (lymphoma), myelosuppression (anaemia) and immunosuppression (of T cells)
*2 strains:
**FeLV-A
***Natural strain
**FeLV-B
***Formed through FeLV-A recombining with endogenous retroviral sequences in the feline genome
***Increases the risks of lymphoma
**FeLV-C
***Formed from the spontaneous mutation of FeLV-A
***Is more myelosuppressive
*Virus replicates in the oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue causing a viraemia (virus circulating in the bloodstream) which then spreads to the systemic lymphoid tissue
*Shed in saliva
*Passed by oronasal route, e.g. mutual grooming
*Kittens between 6 weeks and 6 months are most susceptible
*60% of cats will become immune to the disease and recover
*Cats that are persistantly viraemic will progress to develop FeLV-associated diseases
*Some cats will become viraemic again if treated with corticosteroids or stressed if the infection lies dormant in the bone marrow
*Diagnosis:
**ELISA
**Rapid-Immuno-Migration
**Western Blot
**Virus Isolation
**Immunofluorescence
**PCR
**Antibiotics for secondary infection
**Anti-retroviral therapy
*For vaccinations see [[Vaccines - WikiBlood#Cat Vaccinations|here]]
====Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)====
====Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)====
*Lentivirus
*Subtypes A, B and D
*Causes increased suscepitbilty to infections and neoplasia
*Specifically destroys CD4+ T cells
*Virus is present in saliva, blood and other bodily fluids
*Feral and outdoor cats (mostly tom cats) most at risk
*Virus replicates in lymphoid tissue
*Can remain asymptomatic
*Causes pyrexia and lymphadenopathy
*Transmitted by biting
*Diagnosis:
**ELISA
**Rapid-Immuno-Migration
**Western Blot
**Virus Isolation
**Immunofluorescence
**PCR
*Treatment:
**Antibiotics for secondary infection
**Anti-retroviral therapy
*For vaccinations see [[Vaccines - WikiBlood#Cat Vaccinations|here]]
====Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV)====
====Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV)====