Changes

==ATPases==

==ATPases==

These proteins are enzymes which are catalysts for the decomposition of ATP to ADP + Pi.  This releases energy which the protein utilises.  The transmembrane ATPases are essential for transporting substances across membranes and play vital roles in both primary and secondary [[Active Transport - Physiology| active transport]].  The main types of ATPase transporter are the co-transporters and the pumps.  However some of the pumps are also technically co-transporters.  If they cause a netflow of charge for example the sodium/potassium pump they are called '''electrogenic''' transporters.

These proteins are enzymes which are catalysts for the decomposition of ATP to ADP + Pi.  This releases energy which the protein utilises.  The transmembrane ATPases are essential for transporting substances across membranes and play vital roles in both primary and secondary [[Active Transport - Physiology| active transport]].  The main types of ATPase transporter are the co-transporters and the pumps.  However some of the pumps are also technically co-transporters.  If they cause a netflow of charge for example the sodium/potassium pump they are called '''electrogenic''' transporters.  To be a true pump it needs to work by primary active transport.

===Co-Transporters===

===Co-Transporters===

This family of ATPase membrane proteins are involved in [[Active Transport - Physiology#Secondary Active Transport|Secondary Active Transport]].  They bind two molecules and transport them accross the membrane either in the same direction ('''symporter''') or in opposite directions ('''antiporter''').  The [[Active Transport - Physiology#Development of Potential Energy|potential energy]] derived from forcing one molecule across this allows the other co-transported molecule to be transported against its gradient.

This family of ATPase membrane proteins are involved in [[Active Transport - Physiology#Secondary Active Transport|Secondary Active Transport]].  They bind two molecules and transport them accross the membrane either in the same direction ('''symporter''') or in opposite directions ('''antiporter''').  The [[Active Transport - Physiology#Development of Potential Energy|potential energy]] derived from forcing one molecule across this allows the other co-transported molecule to be transported against its gradient.