Changes

===Bovine===

===Bovine===

 

The kidneys of the bovine do not lose their foetal lobulation.  In fact the surface of each kidney is divided into approximately 12 lobules.    The right kidney is flattened and ellipsoidal where as the left kidney is thicker at the caudal end than the cranial.  Each kidney is surrounded by the capsula adiposa; a layer of fat.  Despite what it’s externally lobulated appearance may suggest the cortex of the bovine kidney is continuous and the kidney is of multipyramidal type.  The bovine kidney has no renal pelvis but rather the [[Ureters - Anatomy & Physiology | Ureters]] enters the kidney and divide into a cranial and caudal branch.  These branches then subdivide and the papilla at the apex of the pyramids open and drain into these.

The kidneys of the bovine do not lose their foetal lobulation.  In fact the surface of each kidney is divided into approximately 12 lobules.    The right kidney is flattened and ellipsoidal where as the left kidney is thicker at the caudal end than the cranial.  Each kidney is surrounded by the capsula adiposa; a layer of fat.  Despite what it’s externally lobulated appearance may suggest the cortex of the bovine kidney is continuous and the kidney is of multipyramidal type.  The bovine kidney has no renal pelvis but rather the [[Ureters - Anatomy & Physiology | Ureters]] enters the kidney and divide into a cranial and caudal branch.  These branches then subdivide and the papilla at the apex of the pyramids open and drain into these.

===Porcine===

===Porcine===

 

The kidneys are dorsoventrally flattened.  The renal pelvis opens into quite a large space of two major calicyes from which bud about 10 minor calyces.  These attach to one renal papillae each.  The kidneys have a smooth surface.

The kidneys are dorsoventrally flattened.  The renal pelvis opens into quite a large space of two major calicyes from which bud about 10 minor calyces.  These attach to one renal papillae each.  The kidneys have a smooth surface.

===Equine===

===Equine===

 

The equine kidneys not only have very different shapes compared to the rest of the domestic species but they also each have a different shape.  The right kidney is described as heart shaped whilst the left is described as being pyramidal.  Each organ weighs approximately 700g and both are dorsoventrally flattened.  The kidneys are basically unipyramidal and the only demarcation between what were the multiple pyramids of the foetus are the interlobar arteries.  This is not always the case in the foal where it is common to be able to identify lobes and the external surface is not always smooth.  The horse has a single renal papilla like the dog and its renal pelvis is large and irregular with 2 recesses (finger like processes). The cells of its pelvis secret mucin giving the urine its cloudy appearance.

The equine kidneys not only have very different shapes compared to the rest of the domestic species but they also each have a different shape.  The right kidney is described as heart shaped whilst the left is described as being pyramidal.  Each organ weighs approximately 700g and both are dorsoventrally flattened.  The kidneys are basically unipyramidal and the only demarcation between what were the multiple pyramids of the foetus are the interlobar arteries.  This is not always the case in the foal where it is common to be able to identify lobes and the external surface is not always smooth.  The horse has a single renal papilla like the dog and its renal pelvis is large and irregular with 2 recesses (finger like processes). The cells of its pelvis secret mucin giving the urine its cloudy appearance.