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| | ===[[Swine Influenza]]=== | | ===[[Swine Influenza]]=== |
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| − | ==Avian Influenza==
| + | ===[[Avian Influenza]]=== |
| − | ===Subtypes===
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| − | *H1-15 and N1-9 have all been isolated
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| − | *Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), caused by H5 and H7 isolates, is also known as Fowl Plague (FP) and is notifiable
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| − | **Chinese poultry are currently the main reservoir for H5N1, not wild birds
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| − | ===Pathogenesis===
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| − | *HPAI is defined by:
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| − | **Heamorrhages
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| − | **Diarrhoea
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| − | **Sometimes nervous symptoms
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| − | **Sudden death
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| − | *H5 spread by feces and infected viscera (kidney/spleen are 100X more infectious than feces)
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| − | *H7 and other viruses are carried by 6% of the wild bird population and outbreaks mirror migrating patterns
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| − | **This poses significant risk to free-range flocks
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| − | ===Zoonotic potential===
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| − | *A 2003 Dutch outbreak of a pathogenic H7 virus caused widespread conjunctivitis and flu-like symptoms with recovery among poultry workers
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| − | *Rural chinese children became infected with H5N1 via aerosol transmission, which was limited to upper respiratory symptoms and did not show horizontal spread
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| − | ===Control===
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| − | *Prevention by proper hygiene and preventing contact with the wild bird population
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| − | *Isolation and cull of infected premises
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| − | *Firebreak cull in the case of uncontrolled spread
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| − | *Vaccination is not currently practiced for the following reasons:
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| − | **An eradication policy prevents it
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| − | **Vaccination favors the evolution of the virus, which might increase its virulence and drift
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