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New page: {{unfinished}} {{toplink |linkpage =Viruses |linktext =VIRUSES |sublink1=Caliciviridae |subtext1=CALICIVIRUSES |pagetype =Bugs }} <br> ====Antigenicity==== *Single serotype with antigeni...
{{unfinished}}
{{toplink
|linkpage =Viruses
|linktext =VIRUSES
|sublink1=Caliciviridae
|subtext1=CALICIVIRUSES
|pagetype =Bugs
}}
<br>
====Antigenicity====
*Single serotype with antigenic variation
====Hosts====
*Domestic cats and cheetahs
====Pathogenesis====
*Incubation period: 2-10 days
*High morbidity/low mortality, but can be compromised by concurrent infection
Clinical signs include:
*Vesicles and ulcers of the oral epithelium (2-5mm)
*Nasal and ocular discharge
*Sneezing
*Anorexia
Variable signs include:
*Pyrexia
*Dyspnoea
*Conjunctivitis
*Rhinitis
*Tracheitis
*Pneumonia
Differential Diagnoses may include:
*Feline Herpes
*Clamydophila felis
*Bordetella bronchiseptica
Recovery can be followed by '''carrier status'''
For more, see [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Feline calicivirus|Feline calicivirus]]
====Epidemiology====
*FCV is '''endemic worldwide'''
*Transmission occurs through '''direct contact''' with secretions of carrier cats or '''indirect contact''' via drinking bowls, etc
*Clinical disease is most frequently seen in '''kittens'''
*'''Active immunity''' formed by 1 year of age
*Transmission occurs from diseased and recovered (carrier) animals
*Antigenic variation means that subclinical reinfections can occur
====Strains====
Recent strains have been shown to cause systemic disease:
*Initial upper respiratory signs are followed by:
**Severe pyrexia
**Oedema, particularly of the head and limbs
**Skin ulcers
**Icterus and Petchiae
*Mortality of up to 50%, and higher in cats over 1 year of age
*Conventional vaccination ineffective
====Diagnosis====
*Clinical signs unhelpful due to differentials
*Nasal, conjunctival, or oropharyngeal swabs taken for virus isolation
**Diagnosed by pyknosis (Feline herpes causes cellular swelling and syncitia)
====Control====
Virulent isolate outbreak:
*Quarantine and restrict movement
Prevention:
*Vaccination:
**Live or dead vaccines available
**Contain broadly cross-reactive strains
**In combination with feline herpes and panleukopenia virus
**Live nose-drop vaccine now available in US
**Particular concern for catteries
{{toplink
|linkpage =Viruses
|linktext =VIRUSES
|sublink1=Caliciviridae
|subtext1=CALICIVIRUSES
|pagetype =Bugs
}}
<br>
====Antigenicity====
*Single serotype with antigenic variation
====Hosts====
*Domestic cats and cheetahs
====Pathogenesis====
*Incubation period: 2-10 days
*High morbidity/low mortality, but can be compromised by concurrent infection
Clinical signs include:
*Vesicles and ulcers of the oral epithelium (2-5mm)
*Nasal and ocular discharge
*Sneezing
*Anorexia
Variable signs include:
*Pyrexia
*Dyspnoea
*Conjunctivitis
*Rhinitis
*Tracheitis
*Pneumonia
Differential Diagnoses may include:
*Feline Herpes
*Clamydophila felis
*Bordetella bronchiseptica
Recovery can be followed by '''carrier status'''
For more, see [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Feline calicivirus|Feline calicivirus]]
====Epidemiology====
*FCV is '''endemic worldwide'''
*Transmission occurs through '''direct contact''' with secretions of carrier cats or '''indirect contact''' via drinking bowls, etc
*Clinical disease is most frequently seen in '''kittens'''
*'''Active immunity''' formed by 1 year of age
*Transmission occurs from diseased and recovered (carrier) animals
*Antigenic variation means that subclinical reinfections can occur
====Strains====
Recent strains have been shown to cause systemic disease:
*Initial upper respiratory signs are followed by:
**Severe pyrexia
**Oedema, particularly of the head and limbs
**Skin ulcers
**Icterus and Petchiae
*Mortality of up to 50%, and higher in cats over 1 year of age
*Conventional vaccination ineffective
====Diagnosis====
*Clinical signs unhelpful due to differentials
*Nasal, conjunctival, or oropharyngeal swabs taken for virus isolation
**Diagnosed by pyknosis (Feline herpes causes cellular swelling and syncitia)
====Control====
Virulent isolate outbreak:
*Quarantine and restrict movement
Prevention:
*Vaccination:
**Live or dead vaccines available
**Contain broadly cross-reactive strains
**In combination with feline herpes and panleukopenia virus
**Live nose-drop vaccine now available in US
**Particular concern for catteries