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*Porcine circovirus in Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)|respiratory disease]]
====Antigenicity====
*Two serotypes:
**PCV1 is harmless
**PCV2 is virulent, causing:
***Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in young pigs
***Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome (PDNS) in older pigs
====Pathogenesis====
'''PMWS''':
*Enlarged lymph nodes with lymphopenia as virus concentrates in germinal centers
*Typically strikes '''weaners''' (8-12 weeks old)
*Clinical signs:
**Pale skin color
**Jaundice
**Enlarged lymph nodes and kidneys
**Unthrifty appearance
**Lameness
**[[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)|Respiratory disease]]
**Occasional diarrhoea
*Large range of differentials, particularly [[Classical Swine Fever|Swine Fever]], African Swine Fever, ''Pasteurella'', and colisepticemia
*Mortalities can reach 40% in an outbreak; nationally range from 4-10% annually
'''PDNS''':
*Can follow PMWS
*Seen in '''growers and finishers'''
*Presents as an immune-mediated '''necrotising vasculitis'''
*Extensive hemorrhages of kidneys and skin, especially in the scrotal region, accompanied by pyrexia
====Epidemiology====
*Poor immune response
*Transfer is '''orofecal''' and '''venereal'''
====Diagnosis====
*Clinical signs
*Confirmed by PCR for PCV2 nucleic acid
*However, positives can show NO clinical signs
====Control====
*No vaccines are available
*Antibiotics to prevent secondary infection
*Good ventilation, bio-security, and proper management
*Passive antibody can be used in dire circumstances:
**Viral serum from an adult pig and be injected peritoneally into piglets to stimulate a high anitbody response
**Must be done by a vet and only within a single herd