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| + | ===General=== |
| + | *Often combined deficiency which improves when animal is fed a balnced diet |
| + | *Sometimes caused by change in demand (pregnancy, growth, cold weather) or due to disease |
| + | |
| + | ===Zinc deficiency=== |
| + | *Mainly in dogs and pigs, sometimes ruminants |
| + | *'''In pigs''': |
| + | **Grossly:circumscribed reddened papules and plaques, thick crusting and scaling, fissures along ventral abdomen and medial thighs, sometimes generalised |
| + | **Microscopically: parakeratosis, acantosis, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, hypergranulosis |
| + | **Commonly secondary bacterial dermatitis |
| + | *'''In dogs''': |
| + | **Siberian huskies and Alaskan malamutes: |
| + | ***Grossly: scales and crusts around mouthm chin, eyes, joints, prepuse, scrotum, vulva |
| + | ***Microscopically: diffuse hyperkeratosis extending to follicles, superficial perivascular dermatitis with eosinophils |
| + | **Rapidly growing puppies: |
| + | ***Grossly: scaly plaques on skin, nasal planum and foot pads |
| + | *'''In ruminants''': |
| + | **Grossly: alopecia, crusts and scales on face, neck and distal extremities and mucocutaneous junctions |
| + | **Microscopically: parakeratosis, sometimes hyperkeratosis |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | ===Copper deficiency=== |
| + | |
| + | ===Vitamin A deficeincy=== |
| + | |
| + | ===Vitamin E deficiency=== |