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===General===
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*Often combined deficiency which improves when animal is fed a balnced diet
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*Sometimes caused by change in demand (pregnancy, growth, cold weather) or due to disease
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===Zinc deficiency===
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*Mainly in dogs and pigs, sometimes ruminants
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*'''In pigs''':
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**Grossly:circumscribed reddened papules and plaques, thick crusting and scaling, fissures along ventral abdomen and medial thighs, sometimes generalised
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**Microscopically: parakeratosis, acantosis, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, hypergranulosis
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**Commonly secondary bacterial dermatitis
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*'''In dogs''':
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**Siberian huskies and Alaskan malamutes:
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***Grossly: scales and crusts around mouthm chin, eyes, joints, prepuse, scrotum, vulva
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***Microscopically: diffuse hyperkeratosis extending to follicles, superficial perivascular dermatitis with eosinophils
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**Rapidly growing puppies:
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***Grossly: scaly plaques on skin, nasal planum and foot pads
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*'''In ruminants''':
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**Grossly: alopecia, crusts and scales on face, neck and distal extremities and mucocutaneous junctions
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**Microscopically: parakeratosis, sometimes hyperkeratosis
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===Copper deficiency===
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===Vitamin A deficeincy===
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===Vitamin E deficiency===
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