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New page: {{unfinished}} {{toplink |linkpage =Viruses |linktext =VIRUSES |pagetype =Bugs }} <br> =Introduction= Asfarviridae receives it's name from '''A'''frican '''S'''wine '''F'''ever virus, wh...
{{unfinished}}
{{toplink
|linkpage =Viruses
|linktext =VIRUSES
|pagetype =Bugs
}}
<br>
=Introduction=
Asfarviridae receives it's name from '''A'''frican '''S'''wine '''F'''ever virus, which is derived from any of this family of viruses. ASF is a serious exotic virus that should not be confused with [[Classical Swine Fever]].
=Morphology=
*Large, enveloped, icosahedral, '''cytoplasmic''' DNA virus
=Virulence and Pathogenesis=
*Infects either '''upper respiratory tract''' or '''skin''' via '''ticks'''
*Enters bloodstream in monocytes
*Reaches viscera and bone marrow within days
*Induces a '''clotting defect''' and '''hemolysis''' in red blood cells
*Also affects lymphocytes:
**Infects Th cells and causes them not to produce B-stimulating cytokines
**Antigen-stimulated B-cells undergo apoptosis rather than producing antibody
*General cell signal transduction is blocked, decreasing non-specific immunity
''Acute Virus (Africa)''
*Clinical Signs:
**Nasal discharge, diarrhoea, reddening of the skin
*Death within 7 days
*PM: widespread internal hemorrhage
''Subacute Virus (Europe)''
*PM: Petechial hemorrhages may be seen under kidney capsule
*Mortality: 30-70%
*Survivors may lose body condition, have skin ulcers and joint swelling
=Epidemiology=
*Can persist on infected premises for months
*Subacute recovered pigs become antibody-positive carriers
*Transfer:
**Africa: vertical transfer between '''soft ticks'''
**Europe/Africa: '''direct contact''' with carrier pigs, '''aerosol''', infected swill, etc.
=Diagnosis=
*Mortalities with widespread hemorrhage, particularly in lymph nodes
*Test to distinguish from [[Classical Swine Fever]] and [[Porcine Circoviruses]]
*Immunofluorescence
*PCR
=Control=
*No vaccine is available
Prevention:
*Boiling swill
*Isolation of sick pigs, domestic pigs from wild pigs
*Keep pigs on concrete, not soil (to lessen tick contact)
{{toplink
|linkpage =Viruses
|linktext =VIRUSES
|pagetype =Bugs
}}
<br>
=Introduction=
Asfarviridae receives it's name from '''A'''frican '''S'''wine '''F'''ever virus, which is derived from any of this family of viruses. ASF is a serious exotic virus that should not be confused with [[Classical Swine Fever]].
=Morphology=
*Large, enveloped, icosahedral, '''cytoplasmic''' DNA virus
=Virulence and Pathogenesis=
*Infects either '''upper respiratory tract''' or '''skin''' via '''ticks'''
*Enters bloodstream in monocytes
*Reaches viscera and bone marrow within days
*Induces a '''clotting defect''' and '''hemolysis''' in red blood cells
*Also affects lymphocytes:
**Infects Th cells and causes them not to produce B-stimulating cytokines
**Antigen-stimulated B-cells undergo apoptosis rather than producing antibody
*General cell signal transduction is blocked, decreasing non-specific immunity
''Acute Virus (Africa)''
*Clinical Signs:
**Nasal discharge, diarrhoea, reddening of the skin
*Death within 7 days
*PM: widespread internal hemorrhage
''Subacute Virus (Europe)''
*PM: Petechial hemorrhages may be seen under kidney capsule
*Mortality: 30-70%
*Survivors may lose body condition, have skin ulcers and joint swelling
=Epidemiology=
*Can persist on infected premises for months
*Subacute recovered pigs become antibody-positive carriers
*Transfer:
**Africa: vertical transfer between '''soft ticks'''
**Europe/Africa: '''direct contact''' with carrier pigs, '''aerosol''', infected swill, etc.
=Diagnosis=
*Mortalities with widespread hemorrhage, particularly in lymph nodes
*Test to distinguish from [[Classical Swine Fever]] and [[Porcine Circoviruses]]
*Immunofluorescence
*PCR
=Control=
*No vaccine is available
Prevention:
*Boiling swill
*Isolation of sick pigs, domestic pigs from wild pigs
*Keep pigs on concrete, not soil (to lessen tick contact)