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| *After 3 months larvae reach '''winter resting sites''' where they remain from November to Feburary/March whilst moulting to the L2 stage | | *After 3 months larvae reach '''winter resting sites''' where they remain from November to Feburary/March whilst moulting to the L2 stage |
| **Epidural fat in the spinal canal for ''H. bovis'' | | **Epidural fat in the spinal canal for ''H. bovis'' |
− | **Wall of the oesophagus for ''H. lineatum'' | + | **Wall of the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] for ''H. lineatum'' |
| | | |
| *Larvae then migrate back to the subcutis along the midline of the back where they bore a breathing hole through the skin and moult to the L3 stage | | *Larvae then migrate back to the subcutis along the midline of the back where they bore a breathing hole through the skin and moult to the L3 stage |
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| **Toxin release | | **Toxin release |
| **Pressure on the spinal cord (''H. bovis'') | | **Pressure on the spinal cord (''H. bovis'') |
− | **Bloat from pressue on the oesophageal wall (''H. lineatum'') | + | **Bloat from pressue on the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophageal wall]] (''H. lineatum'') |
| | | |
| '''Control''' | | '''Control''' |
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| *Larvae are squirted into the nostils of sheep in a jet of liquid | | *Larvae are squirted into the nostils of sheep in a jet of liquid |
| | | |
− | *The larvae crawl caudally into the nasal cavity and feed on the nasal mucosa and mature before returning to the nostrils | + | *The larvae crawl caudally into the [[Nasal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]] and feed on the nasal mucosa and mature before returning to the nostrils |
| | | |
| *Larval development takes up to two months | | *Larval development takes up to two months |
− | **Larvae can overwinter in the nasal cavity if deposited late in the summer | + | **Larvae can overwinter in the [[Nasal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]] if deposited late in the summer |
| | | |
| *Once the larvae have developed they are sneezed out and pupate on the ground | | *Once the larvae have developed they are sneezed out and pupate on the ground |
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| ***Eggs laid in the intermandibular area | | ***Eggs laid in the intermandibular area |
| *''G. haemorrhoidalis'' | | *''G. haemorrhoidalis'' |
− | ***Eggs laid around the lips | + | ***Eggs laid around the [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lips]] |
| | | |
| *Larvae crawl into the mouth and penetrate the tissues of the buccal mucosa which takes a few weeks | | *Larvae crawl into the mouth and penetrate the tissues of the buccal mucosa which takes a few weeks |
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| *Larvae then emerge and are swallowed | | *Larvae then emerge and are swallowed |
| | | |
− | *Larvae pass into the stomach and attach to the gastric mucosa | + | *Larvae pass into the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] and attach to the gastric mucosa |
| **Larvae are now known as '''bots''' | | **Larvae are now known as '''bots''' |
| | | |
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| **''G. nasalis'' attaches to the pylorus | | **''G. nasalis'' attaches to the pylorus |
| | | |
− | *After 10-12 months in the stomach, the larvae detach and are passed out in the faeces | + | *After 10-12 months in the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]], the larvae detach and are passed out in the faeces |
| **''G. haemorrhoidalis'' attaches to the rectal mucosa before being passed out | | **''G. haemorrhoidalis'' attaches to the rectal mucosa before being passed out |
| | | |
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| '''Control''' | | '''Control''' |
| *Treatment of horses with [[Ectoparaciticides|insecticides]] over winter | | *Treatment of horses with [[Ectoparaciticides|insecticides]] over winter |
− | **Breaks the life cycle as all the population are present as bots in the stomach | + | **Breaks the life cycle as all the population are present as bots in the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] |
| | | |
| *If eggs are present in late summer, the horse's coat can be sponged with an [[ectoparasite|insecticide]] | | *If eggs are present in late summer, the horse's coat can be sponged with an [[ectoparasite|insecticide]] |