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| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Coccidia]] |
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| − | {{toplink
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| − | |backcolour =
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| − | |linkpage =Parasites
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| − | |linktext =PARASITES
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| − | |pagetype=Bugs
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| − | |sublink1=Protozoa
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| − | |subtext1=PROTOZOA
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| − | <br>
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| − | ==''Eimeria'' spp.==
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| − | ==''Isospora'' spp.==
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| − | ==Coccidia of Poultry==
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| − | ==Other Avian Coccidia==
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| − | ==Coccidia of Cattle==
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| − | ==Coccidia of Sheep==
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| − | *11 different Coccidia species although only two are of clinical significance
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| − | **Giant schizonts visible as white spots
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| − | *''Eimeria ovinoidalis''
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| − | **Highly pathogenic
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| − | **[[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|Diarrhoea]]
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| − | **Parasitises the [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
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| − | *''Eimeria crandalis''
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| − | **Varying pathogenicity
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| − | **Scours, grey, foul-smelling faeces
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| − | **Parasitises the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]], [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
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| − | *2 week prepatent period
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| − | *Disease frequently seen in lambs under 6 months old
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| − | **More often in twins and triplets when single lambs
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| − | *Oocyts from ewes (immune carriers) accumulate in poorly managed litter or around feed and water troughs
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| − | *Lambs born early in the year amplify the parasite problem increasing the parasite risk to lambs born later in the year
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| − | *Affected lambs may die before oocysts are found in the faeces
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| − | **Post-mortem diagnosis difficult
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| − | *Different species of ''Eimeria'' occurs in sheep and goats
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| − | *Infection may be coincident with ''Neospora'' or ''Cryptosporidium'' infections
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| − | **Mixed infections complicate the diagnosis as oocyst differentiation is difficult
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| − | *Other non-pathogenic species can cause papillomatous mucosal growths
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| − | '''Control'''
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| − | *Improve husbandry
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| − | **Avoid overcrowding
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| − | **Decrease stress
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| − | *Improve hygiene by dagging ewes
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| − | *Avoid mixing lambs of different ages
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| − | *Preventative measures include creep feeding lambs with decoquinate or oral dosing with diclazuril when lambs are 4-6 weeks
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| − | **A second dose can be given after 3 weeks
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| − | ==Coccidia of Goats==
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| − | *Many ''Eimeria'' species
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| − | *2 ''Eimeria'' are pathogenic
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| − | **Cause [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] and a decreased growth rate
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| − | *Different species of ''Eimeria'' occurs in sheep and goats
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| − | ==Coccidia of Horses==
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| − | *Only one atypical ''Eiemria''
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| − | *Forms large subepithelial gametocytes in villi
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| − | *Large, dark coloured oocysts
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| − | **Approximately 12μm
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| − | *Occasionally causes [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]]
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| − | *''Besnoitia bennetti'' in [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Besnoitia bennetti|larynx]] of horses
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| − | ==Coccidia of Pigs==
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| − | *Many species of ''Eimeria'' and ''Isospora''
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| − | *Only ''Isospora suis'' is of clinical pathogenic importance
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| − | *Causes sporadic, serious and sometimes fatal disease in unweaned piglets
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| − | **Causes profuse [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]]
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| − | *Very short 1 week prepatent period
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| − | *[[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|Diarrhoea]] starts before oocysts are shed in faeces
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| − | **Ante-mortem diagnosis is difficult
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| − | *Death usually occurs after parasites have left the host
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| − | **Post-mortem diagnosis difficult
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| − | **''Isospora'' infections are '''self-limiting'''
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| − | ==Coccidia of Dogs==
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| − | *2 common and 2 less common ''Isospora'' species
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| − | *Occasionally can cause disease
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| − | *Little pathogenicity
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| − | *Even if faecal oocyst count is high, other causes of [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] should be looked for
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| − | *''Hepatozoon americanum'' and subclinical ''H. canis'' in [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Hepatozoon|periosteal bone formation]]
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| − | **Both are Tick borne diseases
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| − | ***''H. canis'' – ''Rhipicephalus sanguineus''
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| − | ***Ticks become infected by ingesting a blood meal containing macrophages and neutrophils infected with the parasite gamonts -> sexual replication in the gut of the tick -> oocysts containing infective sporozoites -> dogs ingest the tick schizogony occurs in numerous tissues
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| − | ==Coccidia of Cats==
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| − | [[Image:Coccidia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Coccidia in Cat Faeces - Joel Mills]]
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| − | *2 common ''Isospora'' species with little clinical significance
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| − | *Oocysts in faeces have to be distinguised from those of ''Toxoplasma'' (smaller) and ''Sarcocytis'' (sporulated or naked sporocyts in faeces)
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| − | ==Coccidia of Rabbits==
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| − | *3 pathogenic ''Eimeria'' species
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| − | **2 in the caecum
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| − | **1 in the bile duct
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| − | *''Eimeria steidae''
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| − | **Parasitises the bile duct epithelium
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| − | **Travels via the bile duct to the liver where it forms large white nodules
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| − | **Oocysts travel in the bile and are passed out in the faeces
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| − | **Causes ascites, [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]], weight loss and polyuria
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| − | *Serious disease of both pet and farmed rabbits
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| − | *Treatment is by administration of drugs in drinking water
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| − | **E.g. Toltrazuril
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| − | *Hygiene is the best method of prevention to prevent sporocysts from sporulating
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| − | *Medicated feed can be used in commercial units
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| − | **E.g. Rabenidine
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