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Tissue cyst-forming coccidia (view source)
Revision as of 09:04, 17 November 2008
, 09:04, 17 November 2008no edit summary
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==Toxoplasma==
*1 major pathogenic species called ''Toxoplasma gondii''
*Causes disease in a wide range of animal species including humans
*Important cause of abortion in sheep
*Zoonotic
**Can cause abortion
**Can cause congenitally aquired defects
*Forms a sporulated oocyst which is only 10μm
**Contains 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites
*Transmission through ingesting the intermediate host or via the faecal-oral route
'''Life Cycle'''
*Complex
*Usually indirect
*Gametogeny (sexual stage) is host specific for felids
*Any warm blooded animal can act as a facultative intermediate host
**Asexual reproduction occurs in the intermediate host forming tissue cysts
**Intermediate host swallows sporulated oocysts or tissue cysts
**Can be transferred between intermediate hosts by carnivorism
Toxoplasma can cause [[Pancreas Inflammatory - Pathology#Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis|acute interstitial pancreatitis]] in systemic toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma can cause [[Pancreas Inflammatory - Pathology#Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis|acute interstitial pancreatitis]] in systemic toxoplasmosis
*''T. gondii'' in [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Toxoplasmosis|pneumonia]]
*''T. gondii'' in [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Toxoplasmosis|pneumonia]]
*''Toxoplasma gondii'', ''Sarcocystis'' and ''Neospora caninum'' in [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Protozoa|myositis]]
*''Toxoplasma gondii'', ''Sarcocystis'' and ''Neospora caninum'' in [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Protozoa|myositis]]
==Sarcocystis==
*Most infections are asymptomatic
*Heavy infections are causes of chronic wasting in large animals, hide sondemnation and downgrading of carcasses
*''Sarcocystis'' should be differentiated from other tissue-cyst forming coccidia
*There are many species of ''Sarcocystis''
*Sporulated oocyst has 2 sporocysts containing 4 sporozoites
**Naked oocyst usually seen in faeces as the oocyst wall is very delicate
*Indirect life cycle
*Life cycle alternates between the final and the obligatory intermediate host
*Only one final and one intermediate host
==Neospora==
*2 main species
**''Neospora caninum'' in the dog
**''Neospora hughesi'' in the horse
*Sporulated oocysts measuring just 10μm
*Oocyst contains 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites
*Life cycle similar to ''Toxoplasma gondii''
*Limited range of warm-blooded intermediate hosts
**Asexual reproduction occurs in intermediate host forming tissue cysts
*Host range of sexual stage is unknown for ''N.caninum''
**Intermediate host for ''N.hughesi'' is the horse, but the definitive host is unknown
*Route of transmission not fully understood