e.g. fewer L3 establish in an immune adult cow than a parasite naive calf.
e.g. fewer L3 establish in an immune adult cow than a parasite naive calf.
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b) ''Expulsion of an existing worm burden ("self cure")'':
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Due to immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction to antigen from incoming L3? Non-specific factor in grass?
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c) ''Arrested development'':
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Minor role only; arrested development mainly caused by climatic changes, e.g. temperature changes (''Ostertagia''), drought (''Haemonchus'').
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d) ''Stunting worm growth'':
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e.g. worm length.
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e) ''Reduction in biotic potential'':
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Host immunity often reduces egg production by female worms. This results in a stereotyped pattern of worm egg output, regardless of the level of infection.