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| [[Image:Balantidium pig trophozoite.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Balantidium'' trophozoite from a pig - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]] | | [[Image:Balantidium pig trophozoite.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Balantidium'' trophozoite from a pig - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]] |
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− | *Most protzoal reproduction is asexual using binary fission, schizogony and sporogony | + | *Most protozoal reproduction is asexual via binary fission, schizogony and sporogony |
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| *Some protozoa also use sexual reproduction called gametogony | | *Some protozoa also use sexual reproduction called gametogony |
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| *In some species, sexual and asexual reproduction occurs in the same host, whilst in others asexual reproduction occurs in the vertebrate host and sexual reproduction in the arthropod vector | | *In some species, sexual and asexual reproduction occurs in the same host, whilst in others asexual reproduction occurs in the vertebrate host and sexual reproduction in the arthropod vector |
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− | *Homogenous | + | *Homoxenous |
| **Parasite uses a single host species during its life cycle (direct) | | **Parasite uses a single host species during its life cycle (direct) |
| **E.g. ''Eimeria'' | | **E.g. ''Eimeria'' |
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| **Sporozoites feed and grow | | **Sporozoites feed and grow |
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− | *As the sporozoites grow the nucleus divides forming a '''schizont''' | + | *As the sporozoite grows the nucleus divides forming a '''schizont''' |
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| *The schizont contains numerous elongated '''merozoites''' | | *The schizont contains numerous elongated '''merozoites''' |
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| *The formation of merozoites is the first asexual reproductive stage called '''schizogony''' | | *The formation of merozoites is the first asexual reproductive stage called '''schizogony''' |
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− | *The schozont ruptures releasing the merozoites which also invade the epithelial cells | + | *The schizont ruptures releasing the merozoites which also invade the epithelial cells |
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− | *Another generation of schizonts form which is the beginning of the sexual phase of reproduction called '''gametogeny''' | + | *Another generation of schizonts form which is the beginning of the sexual phase of reproduction called '''gametogony''' |
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| *The merozoites form male '''microgamonts''' or female '''macrogamonts''' | | *The merozoites form male '''microgamonts''' or female '''macrogamonts''' |
| **Collectively known as gamonts or gametocytes | | **Collectively known as gamonts or gametocytes |
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− | *The microgamonts released from the microgametocyte penetrate and fertilise the macrogamete (which is contained within the macrogametocyte) | + | *The microgamonts released from the microgametocyte penetrate and fertilise the macrogamont (which is contained within the macrogametocyte) |
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− | *Gametogeny forms the '''zygote''' | + | *Gametogony forms the '''zygote''' |
| **Surrounded by a cyst wall | | **Surrounded by a cyst wall |
| **Forms the '''oocyst''' | | **Forms the '''oocyst''' |
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− | *The oocyst is passed in the faeces as unsporulated | + | *The oocyst is passed in the faeces and is unsporulated |
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− | *The oocyst becomes sporulated in the second asexual reproductive phase called '''sporogeny''' | + | *The oocyst becomes sporulated in the second asexual reproductive phase called '''sporogony''' |
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| *Once the oocyst is sporulated it is infective | | *Once the oocyst is sporulated it is infective |