Line 293: |
Line 293: |
| *'''''Myeloencephalitis''''' | | *'''''Myeloencephalitis''''' |
| ||[[Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Neospora|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | | ||[[Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Neospora|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
| + | |- |
| + | |<big>'''How many intermediate and final hosts does ''Sarcocystis'' have?''' |
| + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| + | *'''''One final host''''' |
| + | *'''''One intermediate host''''' |
| + | ||[[Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Sarcocystis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
| + | |- |
| + | |<big>'''True or False: ''Sarcocystis'' infections are mainly asymptomatic''' |
| + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| + | *'''''True''''' |
| + | ||[[Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Sarcocystis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
| + | |- |
| + | |<big>'''What is Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis?''' |
| + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| + | *'''''Necrotising encephalomyelitis affecting the grey and white matter of the CNS''''' |
| + | *'''''Caused by S. neurona''''' |
| + | *'''''Causes spinal cord dysfunction leading to ataxia and paralysis''''' |
| + | ||[[Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Sarcocystis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
| + | |- |
| + | |<big>'''What is the most pathogenic species of ''Toxoplasma''?''' |
| + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| + | *'''''T. gondii''''' |
| + | ||[[Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Toxoplasma|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
| + | |- |
| + | |<big>'''True or False: The life cycle of ''Toxoplasma'' is direct''' |
| + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| + | *'''''False''''' |
| + | *'''''The life cycle is complex''''' |
| + | *'''''Described as facultatively heterozygous''''' |
| + | ||[[Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Toxoplasma|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
| + | |- |
| + | |<big>'''Describe the acute phase of ''Toxoplasma'' infections''' |
| + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| + | *'''''Asexual reproduction in the cell by endodyogeny (budding) producing 8-16 tachyzoites |
| + | *'''''Tachyzoites are released when host cell bursts''''' |
| + | *'''''Haematogenous spread as more cells are infected''''' |
| + | *'''''Infection continues until the animal develops immunity (around 2 weeks) at which point the infection enters the chronic phase''''' |
| + | ||[[Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Toxoplasma|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
| + | |- |
| + | |<big>'''Describe the chronic phase of ''Toxoplasma'' infections''' |
| + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| + | *'''''Slow growing intracellular bradyzoites become walled off forming infective cysts''''' |
| + | *'''''Bradyzoites are protected from the host immune response (whereas extracellular tachyzoites are killed)''''' |
| + | *'''''Cysts remain viable for months to years in muscle and nervous tissue''''' |
| + | *'''''If immunity is suppressed the infection can revert to the acute form''''' |
| + | ||[[Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Toxoplasma|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
| + | |- |
| + | |<big>'''How can ''Toxoplasma'' infections be prevented?''' |
| + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| + | *'''''ELISA to check for seropositive cats''''' |
| + | *'''''Humans can avoid oocyst ingestion''''' |
| + | *'''''Humans can avoid tissue cyst ingestion''''' |
| + | *'''''Sheep can be vaccinated or given medicated feed''''' |
| + | ||[[Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Toxoplasma|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
| |} | | |} |
| | | |
| ==<font color="purple">Tropical Protozoa</font>== | | ==<font color="purple">Tropical Protozoa</font>== |
| ==<font color="purple">Other Important Protozoa</font>== | | ==<font color="purple">Other Important Protozoa</font>== |