Changes

**'''Digestibility'''; this decreases with abomasal infection so there is a compensatory increase in intestinal digestion

**'''Digestibility'''; this decreases with abomasal infection so there is a compensatory increase in intestinal digestion

**'''Gut microflora'''; abosomal infection causes a change in flora and increase in numbers

**'''Gut microflora'''; abosomal infection causes a change in flora and increase in numbers

**'''Gut hormones'''; abosomal infection causes an increase in gastric pH increase in gastrin secretion - cause of decrease in appetite?

**'''Gut hormones'''; abosomal infection causes an increase in gastric pH and therefore an increase in gastrin secretion. This possible causes a decrease in appetite

*'''Malabsorption of nutrients''': in intestinal infections due to villous atrophy - affects amino acids, fats and minerals.

**'''Malabsorption of nutrients'''; intestinal infection causes villous atrophy and therefore affects amino acids, fat and mineral absorption

 

*''Protein metabolism''

 

Normally there is a dynamic equilibrium between dietary protein in the gut, amino acids absorbed into the circulation, protein synthesis in the liver, protein storage in the muscle and protein catabolism. In PGE, this equilibrium is upset

c) ''Protein metabolism'':

**Dietary protein intake decreases

 

**Dietary protein breakdown decreases

Normally there is a dynamic equilibrium between dietary protein in the gut, amino acids absorbed into the circulation, protein synthesis in the liver, protein storage in the muscle and protein catabolism (i.e. protein breakdown). In PGE, this equilibrium is upset:

**Amino acid absorption decreases

*dietary protein intake decreases

**There is a change in distribution of protein synthesis (reduced muscle synthesis and increased haemoglobin, albumin and immunoglobulins synthesis)

*dietary protein breakdown decreases

**Protein leak due to an increase in mucosal permeability

*amino acid absorption decreases

*''Mineral metabolism''

*change in distribution of protein synthesis (reduced muscle; increased haemoglobin, albumin, immunoglobulins)

**Decreased calcium and phosphorus absorption due to villous atrophy leads to a decrease in bone mineralisation (osteoporosis)

*protein leak due to an increase in mucosal permeability

*''Energy metabolism''

 

**Decrease in appetite leads to mobilisation of adipose tissue

 

d) ''Mineral metabolism'':

 

Decreased calcium and phosphorus absorption (villous atrophy) leads to a decrease in bone mineralisation (osteoporosis).

 

 

e) ''Energy metabolism'':

 

Decrease in appetite leads to mobilisation of adipose tissue.