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→Non-Burrowing Mites
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+
+
+**Also found on humans and rabbits
−**''C.yasguri'' (dogs), ''C.blakei'' (cats and humans) and C.parasitivorax (rabbits)
−
+
====''Psoroptes ovis''====
====''Psoroptes ovis''====
+
*Adult females are large mites at 750μm in length
*Adult females are large mites at 750μm in length
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**Copulation occurs
**Copulation occurs
−*Life cycle last 14 days
+*Life cycle last '''14 days'''
*Transmitted by direct contact between sheep
*Transmitted by direct contact between sheep
*Indirect transmission can also occur
*Indirect transmission can also occur
+
'''Pathogenesis'''
'''Pathogenesis'''
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*Causes '''sheep scab'''
*Causes '''sheep scab'''
**Wool loss, restlessness, biting, scratching of infested area and decreased productivity through decreased weight gain
**Wool loss, restlessness, biting, scratching of infested area and decreased productivity through decreased weight gain
−**Usually seen in late autumn and early winter (although may also occur in late summer)
+**Usually seen in '''late autumn''' and '''early winter''' (although may also occur in late summer)
−**Population numbers decline after shearing due to a change in the microclimate, then build up again as the fleece grows
+**Population numbers decline after shearing due to a change in the micro-climate, then build up again as the fleece grows
−**Notifiable in UK
+**'''Notifiable in UK'''
*Mites found under scabs and in skin folds
*Mites found under scabs and in skin folds
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*Antigenic material in mite faeces can lead to hypersensitivity reactions
*Antigenic material in mite faeces can lead to hypersensitivity reactions
+
'''Diagnosis'''
'''Diagnosis'''
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*Examine under a microscope
*Examine under a microscope
+
+
+'''Treatment'''
+*Sheep
+**Plunge dipping; no less than 1 minute and must dip head at lease once
+**Can treat with avermectins or milbemycins by injection
+
+*Cattle, horses and rabbits
+**No licensed product for horses in the UK
+**Cattle and rabbits can be treated with avermectins, milbemycins or topical acaricides
+
===''Chorioptes bovis''===
===''Chorioptes bovis''===
−*In [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Chorioptic mites|skin infestation]]
+*These cause [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Chorioptic mites|parasitic skin infestation]]
*Surface parasite of horses and cattle
*Surface parasite of horses and cattle
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**Mouthparts cannot pierce the skin
**Mouthparts cannot pierce the skin
−*3 week life cycle
+*Life cycle takes '''3 weeks'''
+'''Recognition'''
'''Recognition'''
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*Females about 300μm in length
*Females about 300μm in length
+
'''Pathogenesis'''
'''Pathogenesis'''
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*Usually found on legs of sheep
*Usually found on legs of sheep
**Mild condition
**Mild condition
+
===''Otodectes cynotis''===
===''Otodectes cynotis''===
−*in [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Otodectic mites|otodectic skin infestation]]
+*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Otodectic mites|otodectic skin infestation]]
*Commonest mange of dogs and cats in the world
*Commonest mange of dogs and cats in the world
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*Closed keratinous bars ('''apodemes''') on ventral surface
*Closed keratinous bars ('''apodemes''') on ventral surface
−*3 week life cycle
+*Life cycle takes '''3 weeks'''
*Feeds on ear debris
*Feeds on ear debris
+
'''Pathogenesis'''
'''Pathogenesis'''
−*Only a few cats show symptoms
+*The majority of cats harbour the mites, however only a few show symptoms
**Transmission occurs whilst kittens are suckling
**Transmission occurs whilst kittens are suckling
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*Can lead to secondary infection
*Can lead to secondary infection
−*Clinical signs apparent
+*Clinical signs are apparent
−**Head shaking, ear scratching and aural haematomata
+**Head shaking
+**Ear scratching
+**Aural haematomata
+'''Treatment'''
'''Treatment'''
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**These may be asymptomatic carriers
**These may be asymptomatic carriers
−===''Cheyletiella'' sp.===
+===''Cheyletiella spp.''===
*Surface mite of cats and dogs
*Surface mite of cats and dogs
−*In [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Cheyletiellosis|skin infestation]]
+*Also found on humans and rabbits
+**''C.yasguri'' (dogs)
+**''C.blakei'' (cats and humans)
+**''C.parasitivorax'' (rabbits)
+*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Cheyletiellosis|parasitic skin infestation]]
+'''Recognition'''
'''Recognition'''
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*Combs at ends of legs
*Combs at ends of legs
+
'''Pathogenesis'''
'''Pathogenesis'''
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*Can be transferred to humans
*Can be transferred to humans
+
'''Diagnosis'''
'''Diagnosis'''
*Clinical signs
*Clinical signs
−**E.g. Excess scurf
+**Excess scurf
*Brush scurf onto dark paper
*Brush scurf onto dark paper
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*Hair pluckings from scaly areas
*Hair pluckings from scaly areas
**Eggs may be present
**Eggs may be present
+
===''Dermanyssus gallinae''===
===''Dermanyssus gallinae''===
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**Adults and nymphs visit poultry at night to feed
**Adults and nymphs visit poultry at night to feed
−*1 week life cycle
+*Life cycle takes '''1 week'''
*Adults can survive several months without feeding so reservoirs can build up
*Adults can survive several months without feeding so reservoirs can build up
+
'''Appearance'''
'''Appearance'''
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*Hooks on legs
*Hooks on legs
+
'''Pathogenesis'''
'''Pathogenesis'''
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*Newly hatched chicks can rapidly die if infested
*Newly hatched chicks can rapidly die if infested
+
'''Treatment'''
'''Treatment'''
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*Remove wild bird nests
*Remove wild bird nests
+
===''Ornithonyssus''===
===''Ornithonyssus''===
−*Also called the 'Northern mite' or 'Northern feather mite'
+*Also called the Northern mite or Northern feather mite
*Closely related to ''Dermanyssus''
*Closely related to ''Dermanyssus''
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*Grey or black discolouration of feathers when large numbers of mites are present
*Grey or black discolouration of feathers when large numbers of mites are present
+
===''Trombicula autumnalis''===
===''Trombicula autumnalis''===
−*In [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Trombiculidiasis|skin infestation]]
+*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Trombiculidiasis|parasitic skin infestation]]
−*Also called the 'harvest mite'
+*Also called the harvest mite
*Not host-specific
*Not host-specific
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*Mite numbers are highest in late summer in temperate climates
*Mite numbers are highest in late summer in temperate climates
**Mite numbers are constant all year in tropical regions
**Mite numbers are constant all year in tropical regions
+
'''Recognition'''
'''Recognition'''
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*No spiracles
*No spiracles
**Breath through cuticle
**Breath through cuticle
+
'''Pathogenesis'''
'''Pathogenesis'''
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*Mites found on face and limbs of grazing animals (depending upon host height)
*Mites found on face and limbs of grazing animals (depending upon host height)
+
'''Control'''
'''Control'''
−*Very difficult
+*Very difficult; try to restrict access of animals to 'hot-spot' areas
+'''Treatment'''
'''Treatment'''
*Fipronil spray applied to affected areas
*Fipronil spray applied to affected areas
+
===''Leporacarus''===
===''Leporacarus''===
−*Known as the 'rabbit fur mite'
+*Known as the rabbit fur mite
*Found on rabbits (domestic and wild) and on hares
*Found on rabbits (domestic and wild) and on hares
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*May cause dermatitis in humans handling infected animals
*May cause dermatitis in humans handling infected animals
+
===Forage Mites===
===Forage Mites===
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*Pests of stored food products, hay and straw
*Pests of stored food products, hay and straw
−*May cause skin reactions and respiratory/intestinal disturbances in animals and humans
+*May cause skin reactions, respiratory and intestinal disturbances in animals and humans
−*Control relies upon:
+*Control relies upon
**Identifying and destroying infected feed and bedding
**Identifying and destroying infected feed and bedding
**Thoroughly cleaning feed storage bins
**Thoroughly cleaning feed storage bins
**Keeping feed storage areas clean and dry
**Keeping feed storage areas clean and dry
+
===''Varroa destructor''===
===''Varroa destructor''===
[[Image:Varroa Mite .jpg|right|150px|thumb|Kika De La Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center Weslaco, Texas, USA (Wikimedia Commons)]]
[[Image:Varroa Mite .jpg|right|150px|thumb|Kika De La Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center Weslaco, Texas, USA (Wikimedia Commons)]]
[[Image:Varroa Mite on honeybee pupa.jpg|right|150px|thumb|Kika De La Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center Weslaco, Texas, USA (Wikimedia Commons)]]
[[Image:Varroa Mite on honeybee pupa.jpg|right|150px|thumb|Kika De La Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center Weslaco, Texas, USA (Wikimedia Commons)]]
−*More commonly known as the 'honeybee mite'
+*More commonly known as the honeybee mite
−*Notifiable disease in the UK
+*'''Notifiable disease in the UK'''
*Oval
*Oval
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*Eggs are laid in the hive and develop with the brood cells
*Eggs are laid in the hive and develop with the brood cells
+
'''Pathogenesis'''
'''Pathogenesis'''
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*Damages growing larval bees resulting in deformities
*Damages growing larval bees resulting in deformities
+
'''Control'''
'''Control'''
*Acaricidal strips hung between combs
*Acaricidal strips hung between combs
−*Destoy colonies in apiary (if isolated outbreak)
+*Destroy colonies in apiary (if isolated outbreak)
*Monitor mite numbers and treat if widespread
*Monitor mite numbers and treat if widespread