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Other systems affected by alpha-2 agonists include:
Other systems affected by alpha-2 agonists include:
* Cardiovascular System
* <u>Cardiovascular System</u>
** Post synaptic alpha-2 effects and non-selective action on alpha-1 receptors cause vasoconstriction, hypertension and reflex bradycardia.
** Post synaptic alpha-2 effects and non-selective action on alpha-1 receptors cause vasoconstriction, hypertension and reflex bradycardia.
** Pre-synaptic inhibition of noradrenaline release gives a reduced sympathetic outflow. This dexreases heart rate and offsets vasoconstriction.
** Pre-synaptic inhibition of noradrenaline release gives a reduced sympathetic outflow. This dexreases heart rate and offsets vasoconstriction.
* Respiratory System
* <u>Respiratory System</u>
** The drugs cause mild depression of the respiratory systsem.
** The drugs cause mild depression of the respiratory systsem.
** The response to hypercapnoea is reduced.
** The response to hypercapnoea is reduced.
* Gastrointestinal Tract
* <u>Gastrointestinal Tract</u>
** Alpha-2 agonists cause extreme vomitting in dogs and cats. [[#Xylazine|Xylazine]] is the worst culprit for this.
** Alpha-2 agonists cause extreme vomitting in dogs and cats. [[#Xylazine|Xylazine]] is the worst culprit for this.
** Huge reductions in gut motility occur following drug administration, as well as decreased salivation and secretion.
** Huge reductions in gut motility occur following drug administration, as well as decreased salivation and secretion.
* Endocrine System
* <u>Endocrine System</u>
** Alpha-2 agonists inhibit ADH, leading to diuresis.
** Alpha-2 agonists inhibit ADH, leading to diuresis.
** Insulin is also inhibited, causing hyperglycaemia which leads to osmotic diuresis. This, along with the aboce, causes excessive urination.
** Insulin is also inhibited, causing hyperglycaemia which leads to osmotic diuresis. This, along with the aboce, causes excessive urination.
** Growth hormone release is triggered by alhpa-2 agonists.
** Growth hormone release is triggered by alhpa-2 agonists.
* Urogenital Tract
* <u>Urogenital Tract</u>
** Uterine contraction occurs with alpha-2 agonist administration.
** Uterine contraction occurs with alpha-2 agonist administration.