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New page: {{unfinished}} ==Signalment== Familial predisposition including Dobermann, Bedlington Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, Dalmation, Sky Terrier, Poodle, Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Sc...
{{unfinished}}
==Signalment==
Familial predisposition including Dobermann, Bedlington Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, Dalmation, Sky Terrier, Poodle, Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Scottish Terrier, Beagle.
==Description==
Chronic, at least 6 months, of hepatocellular necrosis, mostly lymphocytic-plasmacytic infiltration. A number of causes include:
*Copper accumulation
*Drugs
*Infections
==Diagnosis==
===Clinical Signs===
These include
*Lethargy, weakness, anorexia and weight loss
*Vomiting and diarrhoea
*Polyuria and polydipsia
*Ascites
*Rarely with icterus, seizures, fever and bleeding tendency
===Haematology & Biochemistry===
*Increased ALT and ALP. However these may not be incrased if end-stage cirrhosis is reached.
*Hypoalbuminaemia
*Decreased urea
*Increased bile acids
===Imaging===
===Biopsy===
This is required for definitive diagnosis. Histology reveals lymphoplasmacellular inflammation and necrosis of the hepatocytes adjacent to the portal tracts.
==Treatment==
*Glucocorticoids at 1-2 mg/kg/day PO. Taper down with improved clinical signs and normal liver enzymes values
*Ursodeoxycholic acid at 15mg/kg PO SID
*Antioxidants
*Copper chelation with Penicillamine or Zinc if copper exceeds 2000ppm
==Prognosis==
==Signalment==
Familial predisposition including Dobermann, Bedlington Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, Dalmation, Sky Terrier, Poodle, Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Scottish Terrier, Beagle.
==Description==
Chronic, at least 6 months, of hepatocellular necrosis, mostly lymphocytic-plasmacytic infiltration. A number of causes include:
*Copper accumulation
*Drugs
*Infections
==Diagnosis==
===Clinical Signs===
These include
*Lethargy, weakness, anorexia and weight loss
*Vomiting and diarrhoea
*Polyuria and polydipsia
*Ascites
*Rarely with icterus, seizures, fever and bleeding tendency
===Haematology & Biochemistry===
*Increased ALT and ALP. However these may not be incrased if end-stage cirrhosis is reached.
*Hypoalbuminaemia
*Decreased urea
*Increased bile acids
===Imaging===
===Biopsy===
This is required for definitive diagnosis. Histology reveals lymphoplasmacellular inflammation and necrosis of the hepatocytes adjacent to the portal tracts.
==Treatment==
*Glucocorticoids at 1-2 mg/kg/day PO. Taper down with improved clinical signs and normal liver enzymes values
*Ursodeoxycholic acid at 15mg/kg PO SID
*Antioxidants
*Copper chelation with Penicillamine or Zinc if copper exceeds 2000ppm
==Prognosis==