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| | *Flatulance | | *Flatulance |
| | ===Laboratory Tests=== | | ===Laboratory Tests=== |
| − | | + | Routine tests are generally unhelpful. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) can have mild to moderate elevations. Other biochemical results include reductions in total lipid, polyunsaturated fatty acid concentraions and cholesterol. |
| | + | The most sensitive and specific test for the diagnosis of EPI is the TLI serum assay. The values are greatly reduced as compared to normal animals. Values <2µg/l in dogs and <8µg/l in cats are considered diagnostic. This test must be carried out after withdrawing food for several hours. Serum fTLI is only available from specialist laboratories. |
| | + | Other tests are available but are often inconvenient and expensive. |
| | + | ===Other=== |
| | + | Atrophy of the pancreas seen via exploratory laparotomy or laparoscopy |
| | ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| | ===Enzyme replacement=== | | ===Enzyme replacement=== |