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==Treatment==
 
==Treatment==
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Medical therapy should be attempted first:
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'''Medical therapy''' should be attempted first:
*
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*oral sucralfate
The suspected cause (ie.Oesphagitis)should be corrected first.
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*gastric acid secretory inhibitors (cimetidine, ranitidine, omeprazole)
Oral feedings should be withdrawn in patients with severe stricture or oesophagitis. An oesophagostomy tube may be placed in these cases to provide nutritional support.
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*increase tone of caudal oesophageal sphincter (metoclopramide)
 
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Medical therapies:
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*Oral sucralfate
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*Gastric acid secretory inhibitors (cimetidine, ranitidine, omeprazole)
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*Anti-inflammatory doses of corticosteroids (prednisolone) to prevent fibrosis and re-stricture.
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Surgical therapies:
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*Dilation/widening of the stricture by ballooning or bougienage.
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*Surgical resection is not recommended because iatrogenic strictures at the anastomotic site are possible.
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'''Surgical therapy''' is usually attempted with congenital cases :
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*laryngeal surgery if laryngeal paralysis has contributed to the hernia.
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*diaphragmatic crural apposition, oesophagopexy and gastropexy.
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*tube gastropexy with cases with severe oesophagitis or ulceration.
    
==Prognosis==
 
==Prognosis==
The shorter the length of oesophagus involved and the quicker the corrective procedure is performed the better the prognosis.
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Prognosis is good after surgical repair or aggressive medical management.
Animals with large, mature strictures and those with continued oesophagitis have a guarded prognosis. Long term gastrostomy tubes may be required in some cases.
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==References==
 
==References==
    
*Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''
 
*Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''
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*Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual'''
      
*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.
 
*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.
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