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* IV or SC administration of atropine (a parasympatholytic) - lack of increase in heart rate implies a positive result
* IV or SC administration of atropine (a parasympatholytic) - lack of increase in heart rate implies a positive result
* ID administration of histamine - the wheal and flare response may be dampened in those with dysautonomia
* ID administration of histamine - the wheal and flare response may be dampened in those with dysautonomia
==Differential Diagnosis==
==Differential Diagnosis==
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
Guarded to poor. Recovery rates in the cat are reported as 20-40%, however this may take 2-12 months. In the dog recovery rates are lower. Despite recovery many are also left with residual impairment including intermittent regurgitation.
Guarded to poor. Recovery rates in the cat are reported as 20-40%, however this may take 2-12 months. In the dog recovery rates are lower. Despite recovery many are also left with residual impairment including intermittent regurgitation.
==References==
* Hall J.H, Wimpson J. W. and Williams D.A, (2005), Disorders of the Pharynx and Oesophagus, in BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology, 2nd Edition, British Small Animal Association, Gloucester, pp 142-143
* Harkin K.R, Andrews G.A, Nietfeld J.C, (2002), Dysautonomia in dogs: 65 cases (1993–2000) J Am Vet Med Assoc, Mar 1, 220(5): pp. 633-9