* Topical ocular administration of dilute pilocarpine - miosis implies a postive result. However, not all dogs will respond. Response is dependent on damage to the postganglionic parasympathetic neuron that results in supersensitivity of the iris muscle dogs.
+
* Topical ocular administration of dilute pilocarpine - miosis implies a postive result. However, not all respond. Response is dependent on damage to the postganglionic parasympathetic neuron causing supersensitivity of the iris muscle
* IV or SC administration of atropine (a parasympatholytic) - lack of increase in heart rate implies a positive result
* IV or SC administration of atropine (a parasympatholytic) - lack of increase in heart rate implies a positive result
* ID administration of histamine - the wheal and flare response may be dampened in those with dysautonomia
* ID administration of histamine - the wheal and flare response may be dampened in those with dysautonomia