Changes

*regulating the growth and differentiation of some lymphocyte populations

*regulating the growth and differentiation of some lymphocyte populations

*recruitment, activation and regulation of specialised effector cells, e.g. mononuclear phagocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils

*recruitment, activation and regulation of specialised effector cells, e.g. mononuclear phagocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils

'''Stimulating haematopoiesis''': produced primarily by bone marrow stromal cells and leukocytes, these cytokines stimulate the growth and differentiation of immature leukocytes

'''Stimulating haematopoiesis''': produced primarily by bone marrow stromal cells and leukocytes, these cytokines stimulate the growth and differentiation of immature leukocytes.

By binding onto specific receptors on cell membranes, cytokines are able to exert their actions by triggering signal-cascade mechanisms that ultimately result in altered gene expression. Cytokines have an incredibly high affnity for their receptors, and are therefore able to act at picomolar concentrations. Cytokines can exert antagonistic effects on each other.

By binding onto specific receptors on cell membranes, cytokines are able to exert their actions by triggering signal-cascade mechanisms that ultimately result in altered gene expression. Cytokines have an incredibly high affnity for their receptors, and are therefore able to act at picomolar concentrations. Cytokines can exert antagonistic effects on each other.