Changes

*Capsular polysaccharides produced by some strains prevent phagocytosis and interfere with complement

*Capsular polysaccharides produced by some strains prevent phagocytosis and interfere with complement

*Endotoxin is a lipolysaccharide component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, composed of lipid A, a core polysaccharide and various side chains

*Endotoxin is a lipolysaccharide component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, composed of lipid A, a core polysaccharide and various side chains

*'''Endotoxin''' is realeased when bacteria die, and causes endothelial damage leading to [[General Pathology - Thrombosis#Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|'''disseminated intravascular coagulation''']] and e'''ndotoxic shock'''; it is also a '''pyrogen'''

*'''Endotoxin''' is realeased when bacteria die, and causes endothelial damage leading to [[Thrombosis - Pathology#Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|'''disseminated intravascular coagulation''']] and e'''ndotoxic shock'''; it is also a '''pyrogen'''

*Enterotoxins, verotoxins and cytotoxic necrotising factors produced by many pathogenic ''E. coli''; these produce cell damage at their site of action

*Enterotoxins, verotoxins and cytotoxic necrotising factors produced by many pathogenic ''E. coli''; these produce cell damage at their site of action

*'''Alpha-haemolysin''' may increase iron availability for invading organisms

*'''Alpha-haemolysin''' may increase iron availability for invading organisms

*''E. coli'' is part of the flora of the large intestine, but is not usually found in the small intestine

*''E. coli'' is part of the flora of the large intestine, but is not usually found in the small intestine

*Some strains possess fimbrae which attach the bacteria to the small intestinal epithelium of particular animal species

*Some strains possess fimbrae which attach the bacteria to the small intestinal epithelium of particular animal species

*''E. coli'' may cause diarrhoea via attaching and effacing lesions, where bacteria adhere intimately to the enterocyte, and cause localised effacement of the brush border microvilli; the epithelial erosion causes [[General Pathology - Haemorrhage#Dysentery|dysentery]]

*''E. coli'' may cause diarrhoea via attaching and effacing lesions, where bacteria adhere intimately to the enterocyte, and cause localised effacement of the brush border microvilli; the epithelial erosion causes [[Haemorrhage - Pathology#Dysentery|dysentery]]

**Strains do not product LT or ST and are not enteroinvasive

**Strains do not product LT or ST and are not enteroinvasive

**Attaching and effacing lesions, unrelated to toxin production

**Attaching and effacing lesions, unrelated to toxin production

**[[General Pathology - Thrombosis#Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] and thrombus formation  

**[[Thrombosis - Pathology#Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] and thrombus formation  

**''E. coli'' O157:H7 causes haemorrhagic collitis-haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans

**''E. coli'' O157:H7 causes haemorrhagic collitis-haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans