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==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Gustation is the sense of taste, and is a system involving chemoreceptors. The gustatory system can usually detect four different types of taste: bitter, sweet, sour and salt. These tastes are detected by taste buds that are contained within papillae, which are mainly found on the dorsal surface of the tongue. These tastes are relayed from the taste buds, via the olfactory nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN I]]), to the brain.

Gustation is the sense of taste, and is a system involving chemoreceptors. The gustatory system can usually detect four different types of taste: bitter, sweet, sour and salt. These tastes are detected by taste buds that are contained within papillae, which are mainly found on the dorsal surface of the tongue. These tastes are relayed from the taste buds, via the olfactory nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN I]]), to the brain.

==Structure==

==Structure==

*These action potentials are conveyed to the brain via three of the cranial nerves:

*These action potentials are conveyed to the brain via three of the cranial nerves:

- '''''Facial nerve''''' ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN VII]]): carries action potentials from the rostral two-thirds of the tongue

- '''''Facial nerve''''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]): carries action potentials from the rostral two-thirds of the tongue

- '''''Glossopharyngeal nerve''''' ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN IX]]): carries action potentials from the caudal third of the tongue

- '''''Glossopharyngeal nerve''''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]): carries action potentials from the caudal third of the tongue

- '''''Vagus nerve''''' ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN X]]): carries some of the action potentials from the back of the oral cavity

- '''''Vagus nerve''''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]): carries some of the action potentials from the back of the oral cavity

*Sensory neurones synapse in the solitary nucleus of the medulla.

*Sensory neurones synapse in the solitary nucleus of the medulla.

==Innervation==  

==Innervation==  

*Rostral 2/3 of tongue is innervated by the lingual branch of trigeminal ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V]]) which is sensory supplying temperature, touch and pain. The chorda tympani of facial ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN VII]]) supplies the taste.

*Rostral 2/3 of tongue is innervated by the lingual branch of trigeminal ([[Nervous Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V]]) which is sensory supplying temperature, touch and pain. The chorda tympani of facial ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]) supplies the taste.

*The caudal 1/3 of tongue is innervated by the glossopharyngeal ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN IX]]) providing motor function for taste.

*The caudal 1/3 of tongue is innervated by the glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) providing motor function for taste.

==Central Gustatory Pathways==

==Central Gustatory Pathways==