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Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)

Revision as of 15:52, 14 August 2009

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*The ethmoid bone is separated from the cranial cavity by the cribiform plate
 
*The ethmoid bone is separated from the cranial cavity by the cribiform plate
−
**Numerous small foramina where the olfactory nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN I]]) passes through
+
**Numerous small foramina where the olfactory nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN I]]) passes through
    
*The perpendicular plate splits the ethmoid into two halves
 
*The perpendicular plate splits the ethmoid into two halves
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**Located either side of basilar part of occipital bone
 
**Located either side of basilar part of occipital bone
 
**Adjacent to tympanic bulla
 
**Adjacent to tympanic bulla
−
**Glossopharyngeal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN IX]]), vagus nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN X]]) and accessory nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN XI]])
+
**Glossopharyngeal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]), vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]) and accessory nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN XI]])
 
**Internal carotid artery
 
**Internal carotid artery
 
[[Image:Foramen Magnum.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Foramen Magnum (Horse) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
 
[[Image:Foramen Magnum.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Foramen Magnum (Horse) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
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*Hypoglossal Canal
 
*Hypoglossal Canal
 
**Between paracondylar and condylar processes on lateral part of occipital bone
 
**Between paracondylar and condylar processes on lateral part of occipital bone
−
**Hypoglossal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN XII]])
+
**Hypoglossal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN XII]])
 
**Condylar artery and vein
 
**Condylar artery and vein
    
*Optic Chiasma
 
*Optic Chiasma
 
**Runs in transverse depression behind sphenoid rostrum on presphenoid bone
 
**Runs in transverse depression behind sphenoid rostrum on presphenoid bone
−
**Path of the optic nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN II]])
+
**Path of the optic nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN II]])
 
[[Image:Sheep Skull Eye Foramen.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Skull of a Sheep (optic canal, ethmoidal foramen and supraorbital foramen labelled) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
 
[[Image:Sheep Skull Eye Foramen.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Skull of a Sheep (optic canal, ethmoidal foramen and supraorbital foramen labelled) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
 
*Optic Canal
 
*Optic Canal
 
**Ends from optic chiasma over wings of the presphenoid bones
 
**Ends from optic chiasma over wings of the presphenoid bones
−
**Optic nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN II]])
+
**Optic nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN II]])
    
*Oval Foramen
 
*Oval Foramen
 
**Caudal wing of the basisphenoid bones
 
**Caudal wing of the basisphenoid bones
−
**Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V3]])
+
**Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V3]])
    
*Alar Canal
 
*Alar Canal
 
**Rostral border of the basisphenoid bone at the base of the pterygoid processes
 
**Rostral border of the basisphenoid bone at the base of the pterygoid processes
 
**Composed of the caudal alar foramen, rostral alar foramen and the small alar foramen
 
**Composed of the caudal alar foramen, rostral alar foramen and the small alar foramen
−
**Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V2]])
+
**Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V2]])
 
**Temporal artery
 
**Temporal artery
 
[[Image:Pig Foramen Ventral.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Foramen of the Pig (includes jugular, stylomastoid and lacernum - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
 
[[Image:Pig Foramen Ventral.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Foramen of the Pig (includes jugular, stylomastoid and lacernum - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
 
*Stylomastoid Foramen
 
*Stylomastoid Foramen
 
**Situated on the petrosal part of the temporal bone
 
**Situated on the petrosal part of the temporal bone
−
**Facial nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN VII]])
+
**Facial nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]])
    
*Ethmoidal Foramen
 
*Ethmoidal Foramen
 
**Perforate the orbital part of the frontal bone
 
**Perforate the orbital part of the frontal bone
−
**Olfactory nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN I]])
+
**Olfactory nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN I]])
 
**Ethmoidal artery and vein
 
**Ethmoidal artery and vein
 
[[Image:Cow Skull dorsal view.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Cow skull (supraorbital foramen, temporal line, supramastoid crest and supraorbital groove labelled) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
 
[[Image:Cow Skull dorsal view.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Cow skull (supraorbital foramen, temporal line, supramastoid crest and supraorbital groove labelled) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
 
*Orbital Fissure
 
*Orbital Fissure
 
**On the presphenoid bone
 
**On the presphenoid bone
−
**Opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V1]]), occulomotor nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN III]]), trochlear nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN IV]]) and the abducens nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN VI]])
+
**Opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V1]]), occulomotor nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN III]]), trochlear nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IV]]) and the abducens nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VI]])
    
*Supraorbital Foramen
 
*Supraorbital Foramen
 
**On the frontal bone
 
**On the frontal bone
−
**Opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V1]])
+
**Opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V1]])
 
**Frontal artery and vein
 
**Frontal artery and vein
    
*Infraorbital Foramen
 
*Infraorbital Foramen
 
**On the maxilla
 
**On the maxilla
−
**Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V2]])
+
**Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V2]])
 
**Infraorbital artery and vein
 
**Infraorbital artery and vein
 
[[Image:Mental and Infraorbital Foramen.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Mental and Infraorbital foramen (dog) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
 
[[Image:Mental and Infraorbital Foramen.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Mental and Infraorbital foramen (dog) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
 
*Mental Foramen
 
*Mental Foramen
 
**On rostral end of the mandible
 
**On rostral end of the mandible
−
**Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V3]])
+
**Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V3]])
 
**Mental artery and vein
 
**Mental artery and vein
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*Internal Acoustic Meatus
 
*Internal Acoustic Meatus
 
**Medial surface of the petrosal part of the temporal bone
 
**Medial surface of the petrosal part of the temporal bone
−
**Facial opening for the facial nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN VII]])
+
**Facial opening for the facial nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]])
−
**Cochlear opening, dorsal vestibule opening and the ventral vestibule opening for the vestibulocochlear nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN VIII]])
+
**Cochlear opening, dorsal vestibule opening and the ventral vestibule opening for the vestibulocochlear nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VIII]])
    
==Facial Muscles==
 
==Facial Muscles==
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