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| + | Also known as: '''''Acanthomatous Epulis — Peripheral Ameloblastoma — Basal Cell Carcinoma — Adamantinoma |
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− | {{dog}}
| + | ==Description== |
− | | + | [[Image:ameloblastoma.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>Ameloblastoma (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]] |
− | ==Typical Signalment== | + | This is a benign but locally invasive odontogenic tumour that appears in the [[Gingiva|gingiva]], often surrounding and displacing the adjacent teeth. The lesions have a raised and sometimes cauliflower appearance and are slow growing. Eventually the lesions can become very large and involve the jaw bone. |
− | *Common oral tumour in dogs but rarely occurs in cats
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− | ==Description== | + | ==Signalment== |
− | This is a benign but locally invasive odontogenic tumour. Acanthomatous ameloblastomas have also been known as acanthomatous epulis, peripheral ameloblastomas, basal cell carcinomas and adamantinomas.
| + | Common oral tumour in dogs but rarely occurs in cats. |
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| + | ===Clinical Signs=== |
| + | Include halitosis, oral bleeding, dental disruption or loss, facial or mandibular deformity, excessive salivation, growth protruding from the mouth and rarely dysphagia. |
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− | ===Clinical Signs===
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− | *halitosis
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− | *dysphagia
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− | *bleeding
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− | *growth protruding from the mouth
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| ===Diagnostic Imaging=== | | ===Diagnostic Imaging=== |
| + | Standard [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|skull]] radiography is often unrewarding and of low diagnostic yield. Skull computed tomography (CT) provides much greater detail and is frequently employed in preoperative planning (in combination with standard dental intra-oral radiographs). Odontogenic neoplasms frequently are found to involve multiple teeth, contrast enhance, involve lysis of the alveolar bone and demonstrate mass-assoicated tooth displacement. Acanthomatous ameloblastomas may appear as extra-osseous or intra-osseous masses; intra-osseous masses are more likely to have mass-associated cyst-like structures and are subjectively more aggressive as compared to extra-osseous acanthomatous ameloblastomas. In many cases mandibular lymphadenopathy is also observed. In cases where a malignant neoplasm is suspected, complete staging should be performed to look for metastatic disease, including 3-view thoracic radiographs (or thoracic CT) and abdominal imaging (abdominal ultrasound or abdominal CT)<ref>Amory JT, Reetz JA, Sanchez MD, et al. ''Computed tomographic characteristics of odontogenic neoplasms in dogs.'' Vet Radiol Ultrasound, Vol. 00, No. 00, 2013, pp 1–12.</ref>. |
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| ===Biopsy=== | | ===Biopsy=== |
| + | Required for a definitive diagnosis and incisional biopsy is the technique of choice. When undertaking cytological or grab procedures it is more difficult to obtain a representative sample. |
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| + | '''Pathology''': |
| + | Islands and sheets of mature odontogenic epithelium within a collagenous fibrous connective tissue stroma of low/moderate cellularity will be noticed. Each of the islands is bounded by a row of tall columnnar cells. These palisading cells exhibit polarisation away from the basement membrane and have cytoplasmic vacuolation. Central cells have a basaloid appearance. The tumour is often infiiltrating into the underlying bone. |
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| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| + | Surgical resection is the best option with margins of at least 1cm. Radiation therapy may be considered in patients where wide surgical excision is not possible, however there is a risk of malignant transformation of the tumour at a later stage. |
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| ==Prognosis== | | ==Prognosis== |
| + | Good following complete surgical excision. |
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| + | {{Learning |
| + | |literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Acanthomatous+Ameloblastoma%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Acanthomatous+epulis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Peripheral+ameloblastoma%22%29+OR++title%3A%28Adamantinoma%29 Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma publications] |
| + | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/felis/Content/Disease/dis02003.asp Mouth neoplasia] |
| + | }} |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| + | <references /> |
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| + | Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry (3rd Edition)''' ''BSAVA'' |
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| + | Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual''' |
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| + | With thanks to Andrew Jefferies (Cambridge) and Alun Williams (RVC) for providing access to their lecture materials |
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| + | {{review}} |
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− | *Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry (3rd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''
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− | *Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual'''
| + | [[Category:Oral_Cavity_-_Proliferative_Pathology]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Dog]] |
| + | [[Category:Neoplasia]] |
| + | [[Category:Oral Diseases - Cat]] |
| + | [[Category:Expert_Review - Small Animal]] |
| + | [[Category:Teeth_-_Proliferative_Pathology]] |
| + | [[Category:Oral Proliferations]] |
| + | [[Category:LisaM reviewing]] |