Changes

*Basenji

*Basenji

*Lundehund

*Lundehund

*Soft-coated wheaten terrier

*Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier

*Yorkshire terrier

*Yorkshire Terrier

*Shar Pei

*Shar Pei

==Description==

==Description==

'''Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE)''' can result from any intestinal disease which produces sufficienct inflammation, congestion or bleeding.  This causes protein to leak into the intestines, which exceeds the gut lumen protein synthesis.  Hence, there are numerous causes of PLE, for example lymphangiectasia, infectious, structural, neoplasia, inflammation, endoparasites and gastrointestinal haemorrhage.  Most common causes in adult dogs are inflammatory bowel disease and alimentary tract lymphoma, whereas most common causes in very young dogs are hookworms and chronic intussusception.  PLE is less common in cats than dogs, and most often caused by gastrointestinal lymphoma.  Non-intestinal diseases which can be associated with PLE include congestive heart failure, caval obstruction and portal hypertension.  However, these animals usually present with ascites rather than diarrhoea.

'''Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE)''' can result from any intestinal disease which produces sufficienct inflammation, congestion or bleeding.  This causes protein to leak into the intestines, which exceeds the gut lumen protein synthesis.  Hence, there are numerous causes of PLE, for example lymphangiectasia, infectious, structural, neoplasia, inflammation, endoparasites and gastrointestinal haemorrhage.   

 

The major causes of PLE in adult dogs are inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), alimentary tract lymphoma, fungal infections (e.g. histoplasmosis).  Other causes include ulcerations or erosions, severe disease of intestinal crypts and parasites.  The most common causes in very young dogs are hookworms and chronic intussusception.  Chronic intussusception results from acute enteritis which had not resolved completely, with some clinical improvement but continuation of diarrhoea.  PLE is less common in cats than dogs, and most often caused by alimentary tract lymphoma and IBD.  Cats almost never suffer from lymphangiectasia, and rarely have severe parasitic infection severe enough to cause PLE.  Non-intestinal diseases which can be associated with PLE include congestive heart failure, caval obstruction and portal hypertension.  However, these animals usually present with ascites rather than diarrhoea.

====Haematology====

====Haematology====

*Panhypoproteinaemia

*Panhypoproteinaemia

*Lymphopaenia

*Lymphopaenia

===Histopathology===

===Histopathology===

*Endoscopically guided multiple biopsies are useful.  However, surgical biopsy may be required for a definitive diagnosis of lymphoma and secondary lymphangiectasia.

*Endoscopically guided multiple biopsies are useful.  However, surgical biopsy may be required for a definitive diagnosis of lymphoma and secondary lymphangiectasia. A small fatty meal could be given the night before biopsy to increase the chance of diagnosing lymphangiectasia.

 

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

===Plasma transfusion===

===Plasma transfusion===

*This may be required to increase plasma volume perioperatively.

*This may be used to increase plasma volume perioperatively.  However, much of the albumin is lost in the gut and a substantial amount does not remain in the intravascular compartment.  Therefore, plasma transfusion is unable to increase the serum albumin level by much.

*Administration of colloid may be more suitable if it is necessary to increase the plasma oncotic pressure.

===Diuretics===

===Diuretics===