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Enterobacteriaceae Quiz (view source)
Revision as of 18:00, 9 November 2009
, 18:00, 9 November 2009New page: {{toplink |linkpage =WikiQuiz |linktext = WikiQuiz |pagetype=Quiz |Review= Dr Sabine Tötemeyer, DiplBiol PhD FHEA Lecturer in Cellular Microbiology }}{{QuizCat|topic=Bugs|topicsubcatego...
{{toplink
|linkpage =WikiQuiz
|linktext = WikiQuiz
|pagetype=Quiz
|Review= Dr Sabine Tötemeyer, DiplBiol PhD FHEA
Lecturer in Cellular Microbiology
}}{{QuizCat|topic=Bugs|topicsubcategory=E}}<br>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="1"
question="What laboratory test allows differentiation between Proteus and Salmonella?"
choice1="Urease test"
choice4="Lactose fermenting abilities"
choice3="Growth on MacConkey agar"
choice2="Motility"
choice5="Oxidase test"
correctchoice="1"
feedback1="'''Correct!'''Proteus is urease positive and Salmonella is urease negative. The urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split urea, through the production of the enzyme urease. Two units of ammonia are formed with resulting alkalinity in the presence of the enzyme and the increased pH is detected by a pH indicator. If you follow the second link you can see what a Proteus positive urease test looks like. [[http:/ / www.wikivet.netProteushttp:/ / www.austincc.edu/ microbugz/ urease test.php|WikiVet Article: Proteus. Link to external website: Urease test]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Both Salmonella and Proteus are non-lactose fermenters when cultured on MacConkey agar, so this method can not be used to differentiate between the two. The correct answer is the urease test - Proteus is urease positive and Salmonella is urease negative. The urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split urea, through the production of the enzyme urease. Two units of ammonia are formed with resulting alkalinity in the presence of the enzyme and the increased pH is detected by a pH indicator. If you follow the second link you can see what a Proteus positive urease test looks like. [[ http:/ / www.wikivet.netProteushttp:/ / www.austincc.edu/ microbugz/ urease test.php |WikiVet Article: Proteus. Link to external website: Urease test ]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Both Proteus and Salmonella can be grown on MacConkey agar and show a negative result for lactose fermentation, so this method can not be used to differentiate between the two. The correct answer is the urease test - Proteus is urease positive and Salmonella are urease negative. The urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split urea, through the production of the enzyme urease. Two units of ammonia are formed with resulting alkalinity in the presence of the enzyme and the increased pH is detected by a pH indicator. If you follow the second link you can see what a Proteus positive urease test looks like. [[http:/ / www.wikivet.netProteushttp:/ / www.austincc.edu/ microbugz/ urease test.php|WikiVet Article: Proteus. Link to external website: Urease test ]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Although Proteus spp are considerably more motile than Salmonella spp, (Proteus is renowned for its swarming of bacterial plates), motility should not be used as a definitive test. Also some Salmonella are non motile. The correct answer is that differentiation can be acheived by the urease test - Proteus is urease positive and Salmonella is urease negative. The urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split urea, through the production of the enzyme urease. Two units of ammonia are formed with resulting alkalinity in the presence of the enzyme and the increased pH is detected by a pH indicator. If you follow the second link you can see what a Proteus positive urease test looks like. [[ http:/ / www.wikivet.netProteushttp:/ / www.austincc.edu/ microbugz/ urease test.php |WikiVet Article: Proteus. Link to external website: Urease test]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Both Proteus and Salmonella are oxidase negative. So this method can not be used to differentiate between the two. The correct answer is the urease test - Proteus is urease positive and Salmonella is urease negative. The urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split urea, through the production of the enzyme urease. Two units of ammonia are formed with resulting alkalinity in the presence of the enzyme and the increased pH is detected by a pH indicator. If you follow the second link you can see what a Proteus positive urease test looks like. [[ http:/ / www.wikivet.netProteushttp:/ / www.austincc.edu/ microbugz/ urease test.php |WikiVet Article: Proteus. Link to external website: Urease test ]]"
image="">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="8"
question="Which of the following is true about the heat-labile toxin of enterotoxigenic E. coli?"
choice4="It causes ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory subunit of the adenylate cyclase complex in eukaryotic cell membranes"
choice1="The toxin is composed of 1 active A subunit and 1 B subunit"
choice3="The toxin causes reversible activation of adenylate cyclase"
choice2="Decreases cAMP levels"
choice5="Causes hyposecretion of water and chloride ions"
correctchoice="4"
feedback4="'''Correct!''' Heat-labile toxin does cause ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory subunit of guanine nucleotide binding proteins of the adenylate cyclase complex in eukaryotic cell membranes. This triggers a pathway that results in hypersecretion of water and chloride ions into the lumen of the small intestine and subsequent diarrhoea. [[ Escherichia coli#Intestinal infection |WikiVet Article: E. coli ]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The toxin is composed of one enzymatically-active A subunit and 5 identical B subunits forming the binding portion.The true answer is that the toxin causes ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory subunit of the adenylate cyclase complex in eukaryotic cell membranes. This initiates a pathway that results in diarrhoea. [[Escherichia coli#Intestinal infection |WikiVet Article: E. coli.]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Heat labile toxin causes irreversible activation of adenylate cyclase. The true answer is that the toxin causes ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory subunit of the adenylate cyclase complex in eukaryotic cell membranes. This initiates a pathway that results in diarrhoea. [[Escherichia coli#Intestinal infection |WikiVet Article: E. coli.]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' The heat labile toxin increases cAMP levels. The true answer is that the toxin causes ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory subunit of the adenylate cyclase complex in eukaryotic cell membranes. This initiates a pathway that results in diarrhoea. [[Escherichia coli#Intestinal infection |WikiVet Article: E. coli.]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' The toxin causes hypersecretion of water and chloride ions into the lumen of the intestine. The true answer is that the toxin causes ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory subunit of the adenylate cyclase complex in eukaryotic cell membranes. This initiates a pathway that results in diarrhoea. [[Escherichia coli#Intestinal infection |WikiVet Article: E. coli. ]]"
image="">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="2"
question="Which of the following is a characteristic of Salmonella?"
choice5="Non lactose fermenter"
choice4="Oxidase positive"
choice3="Unable to grow on MacConkey agar"
choice2="Catalase negative"
choice1="Produce urease from tryptophan"
correctchoice="5"
feedback5="'''Correct. Salmonella are unable to ferment lactose. This is demonstrated by culturing on a MacConkey agar plate. This method is used to distinguish between non lactose fermenting Salmonella, which appear paleon MacConkey agar and E. coli which appear pink in colour, as they are lactose fermenters. [[Salmonella#Characteristics|WikiVet Article: Salmonella ]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella are oxidase negative and so do not possess cytochrome C oxidase. The correct answer is that Salmonella are non-lactose fermentors which is demonstrated by culturing on a MacConkey agar plate. Non-lactose fermenters appear pale on MacConky agar and lactose fermenters appear pink e.g. E. coli. [[Salmonella#Characteristics|WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella does grow on MacConkey agar. This differentiates Salmonella from E. coli according to their lactose fermenting abilities. The correct answer is that Salmonella are non-lactose fermenters which is demonstrated by culturing on a MacConkey agar plate. Non-lactose fermenters appear pale on MacConky agar and lactose fermenters appear pink e.g. E. coli. [[ Salmonella#Characteristics |WikiVet Article: Salmonella.]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella are typically catalase positive. This means that the bacteria posess the Catalase enzyme, and upon testing with Hydrogen Peroxide, bubbles of oxygen are seen. The correct answer is that Salmonella are non-lactose fermenters which is demonstrated by culturing on a MacConkey agar plate. Non-lactose fermenters appear pale on MacConky agar and lactose fermenters appear pink e.g. E. coli. [[Salmonella#Characteristics|WikiVet Article: Salmonella.]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella are unable to produce urease or indole from tryptophan. The correct answer is that Salmonella are non-lactose fermentors which is demonstrated by culturing on a MacConkey agar plate. Non-lactose fermenters appear pale on MacConky agar and lactose fermenters appear pink e.g. E. coli. [[ Salmonella#Characteristics |WikiVet Article: Salmonella. ]]"
image="">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="0"
question="How does enteroinvasive E. coli invade epithelial cells?"
choice4="Receptor-mediated endocytosis"
choice2="Pinocytosis"
choice1="Facilitated diffusion"
choice3="Primary active transport"
choice5="Secondary active transport"
correctchoice="4"
feedback4="'''Correct!'''Enteroinvasive E. coli induce receptor-mediated endocytosis in the epithelial cells of the intestine. [[Escherichia colihttp:/ / en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Endocytosis|WikiVet Article: E. coliLink to Wikipedia: Endocytosis]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Pinocytosis is concerned with the uptake of solutes and single molecules such as proteins. Enteroinvasive E. coli induce receptor-mediated endocytosis in the epithelial cells of the intestine. [[Escherichia coli http:/ / en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Pinocytosis |WikiVet Article: E. coli. Link to Wikipedia: Pinocytosis.]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Facilitated diffusion is a form of passive transport facilitated by transport proteins. Enteroinvasive E. coli induce receptor-mediated endocytosis in the epithelial cells of the intestine. [[Escherichia coli http:/ / en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Facilitated diffusion |WikiVet Article: E. coliLink to Wikipedia: Facilitated diffusion ]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Primary active transport uses energy (ATP) to transport molecules across a membrane. Enteroinvasive E. coli induce receptor-mediated endocytosis in the epithelial cells of the intestine. [[ Escherichia coli http:/ / en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Primary active transport|WikiVet Article: E. coliLink to Wikipedia: Primary active transport]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' In secondary active transport the electrochemical potential difference created by pumping ions out of the cell is used for movement. Enteroinvasive E. coli induce receptor-mediated endocytosis in the epithelial cells of the intestine. [[Escherichia colihttp:/ / en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Secondary active transport|WikiVet Article: E. coliLink to Wikipedia: Secondary active transport ]]"
image="">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="3"
question="Which structure is used to classify Salmonella into 9 groups by the Kauffmann-White Scheme?"
choice3="Somatic (O) antigen"
choice5="Flagella (H) antigen"
choice2="LPS endotoxin"
choice1="Enterotoxin"
choice4="Fimbrae"
correctchoice="3"
feedback3="'''Correct!''' There is a single species of Salmonella but over 2400 pathogenic serotypes. These are classified into 9 groups by somatic (O) antigen (lipopolysaccharide) by the Kauffmann-White scheme - determined by slide agglutination of the bacteria with specific antisera. [[Salmonella#Classification|WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' The H antigen (flagella) is used to class Salmonella into serovars not groups. There are two phases of H antigen and this must also be determined. Salmonella is classified into 9 groups by somatic (O) antigen (lipopolysaccharide) by the Kauffmann-White scheme - determined by slide agglutination of the bacteria with specific antisera. [[Salmonella#Classification |WikiVet Article: Salmonella ]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella is not classified by LPS endotoxin into 9 groups but by somatic (O) antigen (lipopolysaccharide). The method of classification is the Kauffmann-White scheme - determined by slide agglutination of the bacteria with specific antisera. [[Salmonella#Classification |WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella is not classified by enterotoxin into 9 groups but by somatic (O) antigen (lipopolysaccharide). The method of classification is the Kauffmann-White scheme - determined by slide agglutination of the bacteria with specific antisera. [[Salmonella#Classification |WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella is not classified by fimbrae into 9 groups but by somatic (O) antigen (lipopolysaccharide). The method of classification is the Kauffmann-White scheme - determined by slide agglutination of the bacteria with specific antisera. [[Salmonella#Classification|WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
image="">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="4"
question="Which of the following is a characteristic of E. coli?"
choice3="Oxidase negative"
choice4="Non lactose fermenter"
choice1="Unable to grow on MacConkey agar"
choice2="Non haemolytic"
choice5="Non motile"
correctchoice="3"
feedback3="'''Correct!''' E. coli are oxidase negative and so do not possess cytochrome C oxidase. [[Escherichia coli|WikiVet Article: E. coli]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' E. coli are able to ferment lactose. This is demonstrated by culture on a MacConkey agar plate by the development of pink colonies. The correct answer is E. coli are oxidase negative and so do not possess cytochrome C oxidase. [[Escherichia coli|WikiVet Article: E. coli ]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' E. coli does grow on MacConkey agar. This differentiates E. coli from Salmonella according to their lactose fermenting abilities. The correct answer is E. coli are oxidase negative and so do not possess cytochrome C oxidase. [[Escherichia coli|WikiVet Article: E. coli]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' E. coli are haemolytic on blood agar. The characteristics of this haemolysis can be used to identify certain strains. The correct answer is E. coli are oxidase negative and so do not possess cytochrome C oxidase. [[Escherichia coli|WikiVet Article: E. coli]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' E. coli are motile and have flagellae and fimbriae to achieve this. The correct answer is E. coli are oxidase negative and so do not possess cytochrome C oxidase.[[Escherichia coli|WikiVet Article: E. coli]]"
image="">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="5"
question="In older birds with avian enterotoxigenic E. coli to where does infection spread from the respiratory tract?"
choice2="Blood"
choice5="Heart"
choice4="Kidneys"
choice3="Pancreas"
choice1="Liver"
correctchoice="2"
feedback2="'''Correct!''' Birds inhale the bacteria which sets up infection in the respiratory tract and then spreads to the blood. In the blood infection leads to acute colisepticaemia. [[Escherichia coli#Extra-intestinal infection|WikiVet Article: E. coli]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Birds inhale the bacteria which sets up infection in the respiratory tract and then spreads to the blood not the heart. In the blood, infection leads to acute colisepticaemia. [[Escherichia coli#Extra-intestinal infection|WikiVet Article: E. coli ]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Birds inhale the bacteria which sets up infection in the respiratory tract and then spreads to the blood not the kidneys. In the blood infection leads to acute colisepticaemia. [[Escherichia coli#Extra-intestinal infection|WikiVet Article: E.coli]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Birds inhale the bacteria which sets up infection in the respiratory tract and then spreads to the blood not the pancreas. In the blood infection leads to acute colisepticaemia. [[Escherichia coli#Extra-intestinal infection|WikiVet Article: E.coli ]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Birds inhale the bacteria which sets up infection in the respiratory tract and then spreads to the blood not the liver. In the blood infection leads to acute colisepticaemia. [[Escherichia coli#Extra-intestinal infection|WikiVet Article: E.coli ]]"
image="">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="6"
question="What species of Salmonella causes bacillary white diarrhoea in poultry?"
choice5="Salmonella pullorum"
choice4="Salmonella gallinarum"
choice3="Salmonella typhimurium"
choice1="Salmonella enteritidis"
choice2="Salmonella dublin"
correctchoice="5"
feedback5="'''Correct!''' S. pullorum causes bacillary white diarrhoea or pullorum disease in chickens and turkeys in the first days of life. The disease has high mortality rates and is characterised by anorexia, depression, white diarrhoea; white nodules throughout lungs and focal necrosis of liver and spleen. [[Salmonella#Clinical infections |WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' S. gallinarum causes fowl typhoid in adult birds. This is a septicaemic conditionwith sudden death (enlarged, friable, bile-stained liver and enlarged spleen). On post mortem examination bronzing of the organs is notable. The correct answer is S. pullorum causes bacillary white diarrhoea or pullorum disease in chickens and turkeys in the first days of life. [[Salmonella#Clinical infections|WikiVet Article: Salmonella ]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' S. typhimurium can cause chronic infections in young birds due to a lack of commensals. Adult birds, cattle, sheep and pigs act as asymptomatic carriers and pass infection onto humans via meat and egg products.The correct answer is S. pullorum causes bacillary white diarrhoea or pullorum disease in chickens and turkeys in the first days of life. [[Salmonella#Clinical infections|WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' S. enteritidis causes enteritis in birds and cattle which can be spread to humans leading to gastro-enteritis, septicaemia and death in the very young and old. Birds act as subclinical carriers and spread infection through their eggs. The correct answer is S. pullorum causes bacillary white diarrhoea or pullorum disease in chickens and turkeys in the first days of life. [[Salmonella#Clinical infections|WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' S. dublin causes enterocolitis in adult cattle and diarrhoea, fatal septicaemia, arthritis, meningitis and pneumonia in calves. Most survivors become subclinical excretors. This species of Salmonella can also cause abortion in adult cattle and sheep. S. dublin can infect humans but it doesn't occur very often. The correct answeris S. pullorum causes bacillary white diarrhoea or pullorum disease in chickens and turkeys in the first days of life. [[ Salmonella#Clinical infections |WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
image="">
</WikiQuiz>
|linkpage =WikiQuiz
|linktext = WikiQuiz
|pagetype=Quiz
|Review= Dr Sabine Tötemeyer, DiplBiol PhD FHEA
Lecturer in Cellular Microbiology
}}{{QuizCat|topic=Bugs|topicsubcategory=E}}<br>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="1"
question="What laboratory test allows differentiation between Proteus and Salmonella?"
choice1="Urease test"
choice4="Lactose fermenting abilities"
choice3="Growth on MacConkey agar"
choice2="Motility"
choice5="Oxidase test"
correctchoice="1"
feedback1="'''Correct!'''Proteus is urease positive and Salmonella is urease negative. The urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split urea, through the production of the enzyme urease. Two units of ammonia are formed with resulting alkalinity in the presence of the enzyme and the increased pH is detected by a pH indicator. If you follow the second link you can see what a Proteus positive urease test looks like. [[http:/ / www.wikivet.netProteushttp:/ / www.austincc.edu/ microbugz/ urease test.php|WikiVet Article: Proteus. Link to external website: Urease test]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Both Salmonella and Proteus are non-lactose fermenters when cultured on MacConkey agar, so this method can not be used to differentiate between the two. The correct answer is the urease test - Proteus is urease positive and Salmonella is urease negative. The urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split urea, through the production of the enzyme urease. Two units of ammonia are formed with resulting alkalinity in the presence of the enzyme and the increased pH is detected by a pH indicator. If you follow the second link you can see what a Proteus positive urease test looks like. [[ http:/ / www.wikivet.netProteushttp:/ / www.austincc.edu/ microbugz/ urease test.php |WikiVet Article: Proteus. Link to external website: Urease test ]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Both Proteus and Salmonella can be grown on MacConkey agar and show a negative result for lactose fermentation, so this method can not be used to differentiate between the two. The correct answer is the urease test - Proteus is urease positive and Salmonella are urease negative. The urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split urea, through the production of the enzyme urease. Two units of ammonia are formed with resulting alkalinity in the presence of the enzyme and the increased pH is detected by a pH indicator. If you follow the second link you can see what a Proteus positive urease test looks like. [[http:/ / www.wikivet.netProteushttp:/ / www.austincc.edu/ microbugz/ urease test.php|WikiVet Article: Proteus. Link to external website: Urease test ]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Although Proteus spp are considerably more motile than Salmonella spp, (Proteus is renowned for its swarming of bacterial plates), motility should not be used as a definitive test. Also some Salmonella are non motile. The correct answer is that differentiation can be acheived by the urease test - Proteus is urease positive and Salmonella is urease negative. The urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split urea, through the production of the enzyme urease. Two units of ammonia are formed with resulting alkalinity in the presence of the enzyme and the increased pH is detected by a pH indicator. If you follow the second link you can see what a Proteus positive urease test looks like. [[ http:/ / www.wikivet.netProteushttp:/ / www.austincc.edu/ microbugz/ urease test.php |WikiVet Article: Proteus. Link to external website: Urease test]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Both Proteus and Salmonella are oxidase negative. So this method can not be used to differentiate between the two. The correct answer is the urease test - Proteus is urease positive and Salmonella is urease negative. The urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split urea, through the production of the enzyme urease. Two units of ammonia are formed with resulting alkalinity in the presence of the enzyme and the increased pH is detected by a pH indicator. If you follow the second link you can see what a Proteus positive urease test looks like. [[ http:/ / www.wikivet.netProteushttp:/ / www.austincc.edu/ microbugz/ urease test.php |WikiVet Article: Proteus. Link to external website: Urease test ]]"
image="">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="8"
question="Which of the following is true about the heat-labile toxin of enterotoxigenic E. coli?"
choice4="It causes ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory subunit of the adenylate cyclase complex in eukaryotic cell membranes"
choice1="The toxin is composed of 1 active A subunit and 1 B subunit"
choice3="The toxin causes reversible activation of adenylate cyclase"
choice2="Decreases cAMP levels"
choice5="Causes hyposecretion of water and chloride ions"
correctchoice="4"
feedback4="'''Correct!''' Heat-labile toxin does cause ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory subunit of guanine nucleotide binding proteins of the adenylate cyclase complex in eukaryotic cell membranes. This triggers a pathway that results in hypersecretion of water and chloride ions into the lumen of the small intestine and subsequent diarrhoea. [[ Escherichia coli#Intestinal infection |WikiVet Article: E. coli ]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The toxin is composed of one enzymatically-active A subunit and 5 identical B subunits forming the binding portion.The true answer is that the toxin causes ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory subunit of the adenylate cyclase complex in eukaryotic cell membranes. This initiates a pathway that results in diarrhoea. [[Escherichia coli#Intestinal infection |WikiVet Article: E. coli.]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Heat labile toxin causes irreversible activation of adenylate cyclase. The true answer is that the toxin causes ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory subunit of the adenylate cyclase complex in eukaryotic cell membranes. This initiates a pathway that results in diarrhoea. [[Escherichia coli#Intestinal infection |WikiVet Article: E. coli.]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' The heat labile toxin increases cAMP levels. The true answer is that the toxin causes ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory subunit of the adenylate cyclase complex in eukaryotic cell membranes. This initiates a pathway that results in diarrhoea. [[Escherichia coli#Intestinal infection |WikiVet Article: E. coli.]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' The toxin causes hypersecretion of water and chloride ions into the lumen of the intestine. The true answer is that the toxin causes ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory subunit of the adenylate cyclase complex in eukaryotic cell membranes. This initiates a pathway that results in diarrhoea. [[Escherichia coli#Intestinal infection |WikiVet Article: E. coli. ]]"
image="">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="2"
question="Which of the following is a characteristic of Salmonella?"
choice5="Non lactose fermenter"
choice4="Oxidase positive"
choice3="Unable to grow on MacConkey agar"
choice2="Catalase negative"
choice1="Produce urease from tryptophan"
correctchoice="5"
feedback5="'''Correct. Salmonella are unable to ferment lactose. This is demonstrated by culturing on a MacConkey agar plate. This method is used to distinguish between non lactose fermenting Salmonella, which appear paleon MacConkey agar and E. coli which appear pink in colour, as they are lactose fermenters. [[Salmonella#Characteristics|WikiVet Article: Salmonella ]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella are oxidase negative and so do not possess cytochrome C oxidase. The correct answer is that Salmonella are non-lactose fermentors which is demonstrated by culturing on a MacConkey agar plate. Non-lactose fermenters appear pale on MacConky agar and lactose fermenters appear pink e.g. E. coli. [[Salmonella#Characteristics|WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella does grow on MacConkey agar. This differentiates Salmonella from E. coli according to their lactose fermenting abilities. The correct answer is that Salmonella are non-lactose fermenters which is demonstrated by culturing on a MacConkey agar plate. Non-lactose fermenters appear pale on MacConky agar and lactose fermenters appear pink e.g. E. coli. [[ Salmonella#Characteristics |WikiVet Article: Salmonella.]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella are typically catalase positive. This means that the bacteria posess the Catalase enzyme, and upon testing with Hydrogen Peroxide, bubbles of oxygen are seen. The correct answer is that Salmonella are non-lactose fermenters which is demonstrated by culturing on a MacConkey agar plate. Non-lactose fermenters appear pale on MacConky agar and lactose fermenters appear pink e.g. E. coli. [[Salmonella#Characteristics|WikiVet Article: Salmonella.]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella are unable to produce urease or indole from tryptophan. The correct answer is that Salmonella are non-lactose fermentors which is demonstrated by culturing on a MacConkey agar plate. Non-lactose fermenters appear pale on MacConky agar and lactose fermenters appear pink e.g. E. coli. [[ Salmonella#Characteristics |WikiVet Article: Salmonella. ]]"
image="">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="0"
question="How does enteroinvasive E. coli invade epithelial cells?"
choice4="Receptor-mediated endocytosis"
choice2="Pinocytosis"
choice1="Facilitated diffusion"
choice3="Primary active transport"
choice5="Secondary active transport"
correctchoice="4"
feedback4="'''Correct!'''Enteroinvasive E. coli induce receptor-mediated endocytosis in the epithelial cells of the intestine. [[Escherichia colihttp:/ / en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Endocytosis|WikiVet Article: E. coliLink to Wikipedia: Endocytosis]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Pinocytosis is concerned with the uptake of solutes and single molecules such as proteins. Enteroinvasive E. coli induce receptor-mediated endocytosis in the epithelial cells of the intestine. [[Escherichia coli http:/ / en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Pinocytosis |WikiVet Article: E. coli. Link to Wikipedia: Pinocytosis.]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Facilitated diffusion is a form of passive transport facilitated by transport proteins. Enteroinvasive E. coli induce receptor-mediated endocytosis in the epithelial cells of the intestine. [[Escherichia coli http:/ / en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Facilitated diffusion |WikiVet Article: E. coliLink to Wikipedia: Facilitated diffusion ]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Primary active transport uses energy (ATP) to transport molecules across a membrane. Enteroinvasive E. coli induce receptor-mediated endocytosis in the epithelial cells of the intestine. [[ Escherichia coli http:/ / en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Primary active transport|WikiVet Article: E. coliLink to Wikipedia: Primary active transport]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' In secondary active transport the electrochemical potential difference created by pumping ions out of the cell is used for movement. Enteroinvasive E. coli induce receptor-mediated endocytosis in the epithelial cells of the intestine. [[Escherichia colihttp:/ / en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Secondary active transport|WikiVet Article: E. coliLink to Wikipedia: Secondary active transport ]]"
image="">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="3"
question="Which structure is used to classify Salmonella into 9 groups by the Kauffmann-White Scheme?"
choice3="Somatic (O) antigen"
choice5="Flagella (H) antigen"
choice2="LPS endotoxin"
choice1="Enterotoxin"
choice4="Fimbrae"
correctchoice="3"
feedback3="'''Correct!''' There is a single species of Salmonella but over 2400 pathogenic serotypes. These are classified into 9 groups by somatic (O) antigen (lipopolysaccharide) by the Kauffmann-White scheme - determined by slide agglutination of the bacteria with specific antisera. [[Salmonella#Classification|WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' The H antigen (flagella) is used to class Salmonella into serovars not groups. There are two phases of H antigen and this must also be determined. Salmonella is classified into 9 groups by somatic (O) antigen (lipopolysaccharide) by the Kauffmann-White scheme - determined by slide agglutination of the bacteria with specific antisera. [[Salmonella#Classification |WikiVet Article: Salmonella ]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella is not classified by LPS endotoxin into 9 groups but by somatic (O) antigen (lipopolysaccharide). The method of classification is the Kauffmann-White scheme - determined by slide agglutination of the bacteria with specific antisera. [[Salmonella#Classification |WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella is not classified by enterotoxin into 9 groups but by somatic (O) antigen (lipopolysaccharide). The method of classification is the Kauffmann-White scheme - determined by slide agglutination of the bacteria with specific antisera. [[Salmonella#Classification |WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Salmonella is not classified by fimbrae into 9 groups but by somatic (O) antigen (lipopolysaccharide). The method of classification is the Kauffmann-White scheme - determined by slide agglutination of the bacteria with specific antisera. [[Salmonella#Classification|WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
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</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="4"
question="Which of the following is a characteristic of E. coli?"
choice3="Oxidase negative"
choice4="Non lactose fermenter"
choice1="Unable to grow on MacConkey agar"
choice2="Non haemolytic"
choice5="Non motile"
correctchoice="3"
feedback3="'''Correct!''' E. coli are oxidase negative and so do not possess cytochrome C oxidase. [[Escherichia coli|WikiVet Article: E. coli]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' E. coli are able to ferment lactose. This is demonstrated by culture on a MacConkey agar plate by the development of pink colonies. The correct answer is E. coli are oxidase negative and so do not possess cytochrome C oxidase. [[Escherichia coli|WikiVet Article: E. coli ]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' E. coli does grow on MacConkey agar. This differentiates E. coli from Salmonella according to their lactose fermenting abilities. The correct answer is E. coli are oxidase negative and so do not possess cytochrome C oxidase. [[Escherichia coli|WikiVet Article: E. coli]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' E. coli are haemolytic on blood agar. The characteristics of this haemolysis can be used to identify certain strains. The correct answer is E. coli are oxidase negative and so do not possess cytochrome C oxidase. [[Escherichia coli|WikiVet Article: E. coli]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' E. coli are motile and have flagellae and fimbriae to achieve this. The correct answer is E. coli are oxidase negative and so do not possess cytochrome C oxidase.[[Escherichia coli|WikiVet Article: E. coli]]"
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</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="5"
question="In older birds with avian enterotoxigenic E. coli to where does infection spread from the respiratory tract?"
choice2="Blood"
choice5="Heart"
choice4="Kidneys"
choice3="Pancreas"
choice1="Liver"
correctchoice="2"
feedback2="'''Correct!''' Birds inhale the bacteria which sets up infection in the respiratory tract and then spreads to the blood. In the blood infection leads to acute colisepticaemia. [[Escherichia coli#Extra-intestinal infection|WikiVet Article: E. coli]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Birds inhale the bacteria which sets up infection in the respiratory tract and then spreads to the blood not the heart. In the blood, infection leads to acute colisepticaemia. [[Escherichia coli#Extra-intestinal infection|WikiVet Article: E. coli ]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Birds inhale the bacteria which sets up infection in the respiratory tract and then spreads to the blood not the kidneys. In the blood infection leads to acute colisepticaemia. [[Escherichia coli#Extra-intestinal infection|WikiVet Article: E.coli]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Birds inhale the bacteria which sets up infection in the respiratory tract and then spreads to the blood not the pancreas. In the blood infection leads to acute colisepticaemia. [[Escherichia coli#Extra-intestinal infection|WikiVet Article: E.coli ]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Birds inhale the bacteria which sets up infection in the respiratory tract and then spreads to the blood not the liver. In the blood infection leads to acute colisepticaemia. [[Escherichia coli#Extra-intestinal infection|WikiVet Article: E.coli ]]"
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</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="6"
question="What species of Salmonella causes bacillary white diarrhoea in poultry?"
choice5="Salmonella pullorum"
choice4="Salmonella gallinarum"
choice3="Salmonella typhimurium"
choice1="Salmonella enteritidis"
choice2="Salmonella dublin"
correctchoice="5"
feedback5="'''Correct!''' S. pullorum causes bacillary white diarrhoea or pullorum disease in chickens and turkeys in the first days of life. The disease has high mortality rates and is characterised by anorexia, depression, white diarrhoea; white nodules throughout lungs and focal necrosis of liver and spleen. [[Salmonella#Clinical infections |WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' S. gallinarum causes fowl typhoid in adult birds. This is a septicaemic conditionwith sudden death (enlarged, friable, bile-stained liver and enlarged spleen). On post mortem examination bronzing of the organs is notable. The correct answer is S. pullorum causes bacillary white diarrhoea or pullorum disease in chickens and turkeys in the first days of life. [[Salmonella#Clinical infections|WikiVet Article: Salmonella ]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' S. typhimurium can cause chronic infections in young birds due to a lack of commensals. Adult birds, cattle, sheep and pigs act as asymptomatic carriers and pass infection onto humans via meat and egg products.The correct answer is S. pullorum causes bacillary white diarrhoea or pullorum disease in chickens and turkeys in the first days of life. [[Salmonella#Clinical infections|WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' S. enteritidis causes enteritis in birds and cattle which can be spread to humans leading to gastro-enteritis, septicaemia and death in the very young and old. Birds act as subclinical carriers and spread infection through their eggs. The correct answer is S. pullorum causes bacillary white diarrhoea or pullorum disease in chickens and turkeys in the first days of life. [[Salmonella#Clinical infections|WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' S. dublin causes enterocolitis in adult cattle and diarrhoea, fatal septicaemia, arthritis, meningitis and pneumonia in calves. Most survivors become subclinical excretors. This species of Salmonella can also cause abortion in adult cattle and sheep. S. dublin can infect humans but it doesn't occur very often. The correct answeris S. pullorum causes bacillary white diarrhoea or pullorum disease in chickens and turkeys in the first days of life. [[ Salmonella#Clinical infections |WikiVet Article: Salmonella]]"
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</WikiQuiz>