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Host Invasion by Microorganisms Flashcards (view source)

Revision as of 10:54, 20 February 2010

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|linkpage =Host invasion by microorganisms - WikiBlood
 
|linkpage =Host invasion by microorganisms - WikiBlood
 
|linktext =HOST INVASION BY MICROORGANISMS
 
|linktext =HOST INVASION BY MICROORGANISMS
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|pagetype =Blood
 
|pagetype =Blood
 
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<br>
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===Host invasion===
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==<font color="purple">Host invasion</font>==
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<FlashCard questions="1">
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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|q1=By what three routes can pathogens enter the body?
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|a1=
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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*Contact
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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*Aerosol
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|-
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*Orofecal
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|<big>'''By what three routes can pathogens enter the body?'''
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|l1=Host invasion by microorganisms - WikiBlood
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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</FlashCard>
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*'''''Contact'''''
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===Viruses===
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*'''''Aerosol'''''
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<FlashCard questions="8">
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*'''''Orofecal'''''
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|q1=Naked viruses contain only...?
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||[[Host invasion by microorganisms - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a1=RNA/DNA and protein coat
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|}
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|l1=Viruses - WikiBlood
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|q2=Name three functions of viral structural proteins
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|a2=
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==<font color="purple">Viruses</font>==
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*Protection of the genome
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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*Attachment to host cell
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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*Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|l2=Viruses - WikiBlood
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|q3=Name the two main innate defences against viral infection
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|-
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|a3=
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|<big>'''Naked viruses contain only...?'''
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*Interferon
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Natural killer cells
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*'''''RNA/DNA and protein coat'''''
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|l3=Viruses - WikiBlood
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||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q4=Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces?
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|-
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|a4=IgA
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|<big>'''Name three functions of viral structural proteins'''
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|l4=Viruses - WikiBlood
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q5=What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing?
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*'''''Protection of the genome'''''
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|a5=Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating
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*'''''Attachment to host cell'''''
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|l5=Viruses - WikiBlood
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*'''''Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane'''''
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|q6=By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope?
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||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a6=Virolysis
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|-
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|l6=Viruses - WikiBlood
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|<big>'''Name the two main innate defences against viral infection'''
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|q7=When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a7=
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*'''''Interferon'''''
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*Blocking the virus receptor
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*'''''Natural killer cells
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*Lysis of infected cells
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||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells
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|-
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|l7=Viruses - WikiBlood
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|<big>'''Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces?'''
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|q8=What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a8=
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*'''''IgA'''''
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*IFN-γ
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||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*TNF
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|-
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|l8=Viruses - WikiBlood
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|<big>'''What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing?'''
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</FlashCard>
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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===Bacteria===
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*'''''Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating'''''
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<FlashCard questions="8">
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||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q1=Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA
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|-
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|a1=
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|<big>'''By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope?'''
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*Few repeated sequences
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Most of the DNA is transcibed
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*'''''Virolysis'''''
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*No intervening sequences within structural genes
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||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l1=Bacteria - WikiBlood
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|-
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|q2=These surface components allow bacteria to move around
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|<big>'''When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence?'''
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|a2=Flagella
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l2=Bacteria - WikiBlood
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*'''''Blocking the virus receptor'''''
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|q2=Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as...
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*'''''Lysis of infected cells'''''
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|a2=Gram-negative
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*'''''Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells'''''
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|l2=Bacteria - WikiBlood
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||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q3=Bacteria with a round shape are classed as...
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|-
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|a3=Cocci
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|<big>'''What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages?'''
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|l3=Bacteria - WikiBlood
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q4=Bacteria with a long shape are classed as...
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*'''''IFN-γ'''''
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|a4=Rods or bacilli
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*'''''TNF'''''
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|l4=Bacteria - WikiBlood
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||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q5=What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection?
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|}
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|a5=Koch's postulates
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|l5=Bacteria - WikiBlood
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==<font color="purple">Bacteria</font>==
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|q6=What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS?
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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|a6=Endotoxin shock
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|l6=Bacteria - WikiBlood
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|q7=By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate?
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|a7=Binary fission
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|-
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|l7=Bacteria - WikiBlood
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|<big>'''Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA'''
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|q8=By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a8=
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*'''''Few repeated sequences'''''
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*Transformation
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*'''''Most of the DNA is transcibed'''''
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*Transduction
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*'''''No intervening sequences within structural genes'''''
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*Conjugation
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||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l8=Bacteria - WikiBlood
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|-
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</FlashCard>
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|<big>'''These surface components allow bacteria to move around'''
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===Parasites===
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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<FlashCard questions="6">
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*'''''Flagella'''''
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|q1=Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure
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||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a1=Eukaryotic
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|-
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|l1=Parasites - WikiBlood
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|<big>'''Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as...'''
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|q2=What are the two main groups of helminth parasite?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a2=
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*'''''Gram-negative'''''
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*Nematodes
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||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Platyhelminthes
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|-
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|l2=Parasites - WikiBlood
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|<big>'''Bacteria with a round shape are classed as...'''
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|q3=What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a3=Eosinophils
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*'''''Cocci'''''
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|l3=Parasites - WikiBlood
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||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q4=What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa
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|-
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|a4=Th1
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|<big>'''Bacteria with a long shape are classed as...'''
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|l4=Parasites - WikiBlood
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q5=What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms?
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*'''''Rods or bacilli'''''
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|a5=Th2
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||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l5=Parasites - WikiBlood
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|-
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|q6=How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection?
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|<big>'''What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection?'''
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|a6=
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Directly damaging protozoa
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*'''''Koch's postulates'''''
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*Activating complement
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||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Blocking attachment to host cells
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|-
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*Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis
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|<big>'''What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS?'''
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*Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l6=Parasites - WikiBlood
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*'''''Endotoxin shock'''''
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</FlashCard>
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||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
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|<big>'''By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Binary fission'''''
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||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|<big>'''By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Transformation'''''
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*'''''Transduction'''''
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*'''''Conjugation'''''
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||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|}
  −
 
  −
==<font color="purple">Parasites</font>==
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|-
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|<big>'''Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Eukaryotic'''''
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||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|<big>'''What are the two main groups of helminth parasite?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Nematodes'''''
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*'''''Platyhelminthes'''''
  −
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|<big>'''What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Eosinophils'''''
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||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
  −
|<big>'''What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Th1'''''
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||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
  −
|<big>'''What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Th2'''''
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||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Directly damaging protozoa'''''
  −
*'''''Activating complement'''''
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*'''''Blocking attachment to host cells'''''
  −
*'''''Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis'''''
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*'''''Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity'''''
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||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|}
  −
<br>
  −
<br>
  −
<big><center>[[Host invasion by microorganisms - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO HOST INVASION BY MICROORGANISMS''']]</center></big>
  −
<big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>
 
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