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{{toplink
 
{{toplink
|backcolour = FFE4E1
   
|linkpage =Innate Immune System - WikiBlood
 
|linkpage =Innate Immune System - WikiBlood
 
|linktext =INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
 
|linktext =INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
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|pagetype =Blood
 
|pagetype =Blood
 
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===Actions and Tools of the Innate Immune System===
==<font color="purple">Actions and Tools of the Innate Immune System</font>==
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<FlashCard questions="14">
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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|q1=True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system
!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|a1=True
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|l1=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Introduction
!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|q2=Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells?
|-
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|a2=
|<big>'''True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system'''
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*Lipopolysaccharides or Gram Negative bacteria
||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria
*'''''True'''''
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*Mannose sugars
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*D-isoform amino acids
|-
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|l2=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms
|<big>'''Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells?'''
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|q3=What recognises PAMPs?
||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a3=Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
*'''''Lipopolysaccharides or Gram Negative bacteria'''''
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|l3=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms
*'''''Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria'''''
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|q4=Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located?
*'''''Mannose sugars'''''
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|a4=Cell membrane
*'''''D-isoform amino acids'''''
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|l4=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q5=Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located?
|-
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|a5=Cell cytoplasm
|<big>'''What recognises PAMPs?'''
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|l5=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms
||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q6=Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis?
*'''''Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)'''''
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|a6=
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Glycosidases
|-
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*Lipases
|<big>'''Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located?'''
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*Proteases
||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l6=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis
*'''''Cell membrane'''''
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|q7=True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a7=
|-
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*False
|<big>'''Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located?'''
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*Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way
||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l7=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis
*'''''Cell cytoplasm'''''
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|q8=Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a8=
|-
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*Skin
|<big>'''Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis?'''
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*Mucous membranes
||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l8=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Pysical Barriers
*'''''Glycosidases'''''
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|q9=Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system
*'''''Lipases'''''
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|a9=
*'''''Proteases'''''
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*Lactic and fatty acids
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Enzymes
|-
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*Mucous
|<big>'''True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes'''
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|l9=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Biochemical Barriers
||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q10=What is the function of commensal organisms?
*'''''False'''''
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|a10=
*'''''Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way'''''
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*Produce natural antibiotics
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces
|-
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|l10=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms
|<big>'''Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system'''
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|q11=Complete the sentence about commensal organisms:
||<font color="white"> <big>
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<p>When commensals are disturbed, infection with ??? organisms is ???</p>
*'''''Skin'''''
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|a11=
*'''''Mucous membranes'''''
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*opportunistic
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Pysical Barriers|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*increased
|-
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|l11=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms
|<big>'''Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system'''
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|q12=Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action
||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a12=
*'''''Lactic and fatty acids'''''
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*Lysozyme
*'''''Enzymes'''''
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**Digests bacterial cell walls
*'''''Mucous'''''
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*Complement
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Biochemical Barriers|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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**Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms
|-
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*Interferons
|<big>'''What is the function of commensal organisms?'''
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**=Make uninfected cells resistant to infection
||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l12=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Humoral Factors
*'''''Produce natural antibiotics'''''
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|q13=Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection?
*'''''Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces'''''
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|a13=
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Neutrophils
|-
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*Eosinophils
|<big>'''Complete the sentence about commensal organisms'''
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*Basophils/mast cells
||<big>When commensals are disturbed, infection with <font color="white">'''''opportunistic'''''</font> organisms is <font color="white">'''''increased'''''</font> 
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|l13=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Cellular responses
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q14=Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection?
|-
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|a14=Monocytes
|<big>'''Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action'''
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*Tissue mast cells
||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Macrophages
*'''''Lysozyme'''''
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|l14=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Cellular responses
**'''''Digests bacterial cell walls'''''
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</FlashCard>
*'''''Complement'''''
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===Innate Immunity to Viruses===
**'''''Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms'''''
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<FlashCard questions="4">
*'''''Interferons'''''
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|q1=What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise?
**'''''Make uninfected cells resistant to infection'''''
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|a1=Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Humoral Factors|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l1=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses
|-
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|q2=Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise?
|<big>'''Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection?'''
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|a2=
||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Cell surface
*'''''Neutrophils'''''
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*Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)
*'''''Eosinophils'''''
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|l2=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses
*'''''Basophils/mast cells'''''
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|q3=What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack?
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Cellular responses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a3=
|-
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*Increases mRNA degredation
|<big>'''Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection?'''
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*Inhibits protein synthesis
||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Increases antigen presentation to antibody
*'''''Monocytes'''''
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|l3=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses
*'''''Tissue mast cells'''''
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|q4=Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target?
*'''''Macrophages'''''
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|a4=
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Cellular responses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Natural Killer cells (NK cells)
|}
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*Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface
<br>
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|l4=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses
<br>
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</FlashCard>
==<font color="purple">Innate Immunity to Viruses</font>==
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===Innate Immunity to Bacteria===
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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<FlashCard questions="2">
!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|q1=What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area?
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|a1
!width="150"|'''Article'''
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*=White blood cell influx
|-
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*Vasodilation
|<big>'''What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise?'''
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*Increase in vascular permeability
||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Sustains a rise in core temperature
*'''''Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)'''''
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*Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Mediates boone marrow mobilisation
|-
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|l1=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Bacteria
|<big>'''Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise?'''
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|q2=Which cell is most important in the innate response to bacterial infection?
||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a2=Neutrophils
*'''''Cell surface'''''
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|l2=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Bacteria
*'''''Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)'''''
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</FlashCard>
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Increases mRNA degredation'''''
  −
*'''''Inhibits protein synthesis'''''
  −
*'''''Increases antigen presentation to antibody'''''
  −
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Natural Killer cells (NK cells)'''''
  −
*'''''Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface'''''
  −
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|}
  −
<br>
  −
<br>
  −
==<font color="purple">Innate Immunity to Bacteria</font>==
  −
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
  −
!width="400"|'''Question'''
  −
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
  −
!width="150"|'''Article'''
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''White blood cell influx'''''
  −
*'''''Vasodilation'''''
  −
*'''''Increase in vascular permeability'''''
  −
*'''''Sustains a rise in core temperature'''''
  −
*'''''Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver'''''
  −
*'''''Mediates boone marrow mobilisation'''''
  −
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Bacteria|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Which cell is most important in the innate response to bacterial infection?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Neutrophils'''''
  −
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Bacteria|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|}
  −
<br>
  −
<br>
  −
<big><center>[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM''']]</center></big>
  −
<big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>
 

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