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Thyroid Gland Flash Cards - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 11:55, 20 February 2010
, 11:55, 20 February 2010no edit summary
{{toplink
{{toplink
|linkpage =Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology
|linkpage =Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology
|linktext =Endocrine System
|linktext =Endocrine System
|subtext2=FLASH CARDS
|subtext2=FLASH CARDS
}}
}}
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<FlashCard questions="10">
|q1=Describe embryological origin of the Thyroid Gland.
|a1=The thyroid gland is a downgrowth from the pharyngeal endoderm of the developing tongue.
|l1=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology
|q2=Describe the location of the thyroid gland, it's closely associated structures and anatomical landmarks.
|a2=
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||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Answer article]]
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*The thyroid gland is adjacent to the cranial part of the trachea, closely associated with the Parathyroid Glands which may be within or close to the thyroid gland itself.
*The thyroid gland is adjacent to the cranial part of the trachea, closely associated with the Parathyroid Glands which may be within or close to the thyroid gland itself.
*Close to the thyroid gland are the ''Sternohyoid'' and ''Sternothyroid'' muscles, the ''recurrent laryngeal'' nerve and the ''carotid sheath''.
*Close to the thyroid gland are the ''Sternohyoid'' and ''Sternothyroid'' muscles, the ''recurrent laryngeal'' nerve and the ''carotid sheath''.
||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Answer article]]
|l2=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology
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|q3=Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of the Thyroid Gland.
|a3=
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*Supply = Cranial Thyroid Artery and Caudal Thyroid Artery
*Supply = Cranial Thyroid Artery and Caudal Thyroid Artery
*Venous Drainage = Thyroid Vein (leading to Internal Jugular Vein).
*Venous Drainage = Thyroid Vein (leading to Internal Jugular Vein).
||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Answer article]]
|l3=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology
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|q4=The Thyroid gland consists of various sized follicles. What is the name of the cells which line the lumen of the follicles, and what is their function?
|a4=Follicular Cells - these synthesize thyroglobulin in their golgi apparatus. Thyroglobulin is a glycoprotein consisting of 70 linked ''tyrosine'' molecules and is the source of thyroid hormones.
||<font color="white"> <big>
|l4=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology
|q5=Label the following histological section:
||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Answer article]]
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[[Image:ThyroidGlandFlashCard1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|©RVC 2008]]
[[Image:ThyroidGlandFlashCard1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|©RVC 2008]]
||<font color="white"> <big>
|a5=
*A = Connective Tissue Capsule
*A = Connective Tissue Capsule
*B = Thyroid Follicles
*B = Thyroid Follicles
*C = Connective Tissue Septum
*C = Connective Tissue Septum
*D = Blood Vessels in Capsule.
*D = Blood Vessels in Capsule.
||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology Gallery|Answer Article]]
|l5=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology Gallery
|-
|q6=Which Letter represents the location of the C-Cells of the Thyroid Gland, and what is their function in 'Image 1' below?
|a6=
*A represents the C Cells.
*A represents the C Cells.
*The C-Cells (aka Parafollicular Cells) produce Calcitonin, a hormone which acts to lower the plasma calcium level.
*The C-Cells (aka Parafollicular Cells) produce Calcitonin, a hormone which acts to lower the plasma calcium level.
||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Ultrastructure and Histology|Answer Article]]
|l6=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Ultrastructure and Histology
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|q7=Define and describe the process of ''Iodide Trapping''.
|a7=
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*Iodide trapping is the process by which Iodide molecules (I-) are concentrated in the colloid at a level up to 250x greater than the plasma level.
*Iodide trapping is the process by which Iodide molecules (I-) are concentrated in the colloid at a level up to 250x greater than the plasma level.
*The Na+/I- symport in the basal membrane of the follicular cells moves the iodine from the plasma, into the cell. From here is is transported into the colloid.
*The Na+/I- symport in the basal membrane of the follicular cells moves the iodine from the plasma, into the cell. From here is is transported into the colloid.
*The follicular cells and the pumps function in response to Thyroid Stimulating Hormone from the Pituitary Gland.
*The follicular cells and the pumps function in response to Thyroid Stimulating Hormone from the Pituitary Gland.
||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Iodine Uptake|Answer Article]]
|l7=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Iodine Uptake
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|q8=Name the three hormones produced in the thyroid gland and describe how they are transported around the body?
|a8=
||<font color="white"> <big>
*Hormones: Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) and Reverse T3.
*Hormones: Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) and Reverse T3.
*Thyroid hormones are lipid soluble, thus require a binding protein in order to travel in the bloodstream. Thyroid Binding Globulin caries 70-80% of the circulating hormone, with Thyroxine Binding Pre-Albumin, and Albumin carrying the remainder.
*Thyroid hormones are lipid soluble, thus require a binding protein in order to travel in the bloodstream. Thyroid Binding Globulin caries 70-80% of the circulating hormone, with Thyroxine Binding Pre-Albumin, and Albumin carrying the remainder.
||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Transport|Answer article]]
|l8=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Transport
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|q9=What are Hormone A and Hormone B in this schematic diagram ('Image 2' below) of the Hypothalamic - Pituitary - Thyroid Axis:
|a9=
*Hormone A = TRH - Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
*Hormone A = TRH - Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
*Hormone B = TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (Thyrotropin)
*Hormone B = TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (Thyrotropin)
||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Regulation|Answer article]]
|l9=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Regulation
|-
|q10=Decribe the effects that T3 and T4 have on the following systems/physiological mechanisms:
|a10=
*Musculoskeletal System
*Musculoskeletal System
*Carbohydrate metabolism
*Carbohydrate metabolism
*Nervous System
*Nervous System
*Alimentary System
*Alimentary System
*Musculoskeletal system - Thyroid hormone promotes bone growth
*'''Musculoskeletal system''' - Thyroid hormone promotes bone growth
*Carbohydrate metabolism - Thyroid hormone stimulates glucose uptake, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis
*'''Carbohydrate metabolism''' - Thyroid hormone stimulates glucose uptake, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis
*Fat metabolism - Thyroid hormone mobilises lipids from adipose stores. Accelerates oxidation of lipids to produce energy (occurs within mitochondria). Increases size and number of mitochondria.
*'''Fat metabolism''' - Thyroid hormone mobilises lipids from adipose stores. Accelerates oxidation of lipids to produce energy (occurs within mitochondria). Increases size and number of mitochondria.
*Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - Thyroid hormone causes and increase in BMR in all tissues except brain, spleen, gonads. Results in increased heat production, increased oxygen consumption.
*'''Basal Metabolic Rate''' (BMR) - Thyroid hormone causes and increase in BMR in all tissues except brain, spleen, gonads. Results in increased heat production, increased oxygen consumption.
*Cardiovascular actions - Thyroid hormone increases Cardiac output, heart rate and contractility.
*'''Cardiovascular actions''' - Thyroid hormone increases Cardiac output, heart rate and contractility.
*Nervous system - thyroid hormones are required for development of this system. They also enhance the sympathetic nervous system (by increasing epinephrine receptors).
*'''Nervous system''' - thyroid hormones are required for development of this system. They also enhance the sympathetic nervous system (by increasing epinephrine receptors).
*Alimentary System - Thyroid hormone increases appetite and feed intake, increases secretion of pancreatic enzymes and increases motility.
*'''Alimentary System''' - Thyroid hormone increases appetite and feed intake, increases secretion of pancreatic enzymes and increases motility.
|l10=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Hormone Actions
||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Hormone Actions|Answer article]]
</FlashCard>
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