Changes

*A spinal needle is inserted normograde through the craniomedial aspect of the proximal tibia which avoids invasion of the joint capsule and articular cartilage. A small amount of saline is injected and if the catheter is outside the bone, the muscle will swell. Radiographs can be used to confirm placement.

*A spinal needle is inserted normograde through the craniomedial aspect of the proximal tibia which avoids invasion of the joint capsule and articular cartilage. A small amount of saline is injected and if the catheter is outside the bone, the muscle will swell. Radiographs can be used to confirm placement.