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, 14:49, 29 March 2010
*Also known as forest flies
*Only parasitises horses and cattle
*Only found in the Old World
*Large numbers found around the perineum and inner thighs
'''Recognition'''
*1cm long
*Reddish brown
*Yellow spots on thorax and abdomen
*Clear wings
*Reduced wings with veins crowded towards anterior margins
**Not a strong flier
*Forward pointing proboscis which can be retracted into head when not feeding
**Both males and females suck blood
'''Life cycle'''
*Adults are on the wing between May and October
*Adults mate on the host
*Single larvae laid in soil or damp humus
*Adult flies emerge the following spring
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Irritation and annoyance from bites
*Mechanical vectors of non-pathogenic ''Trypanosoma theileri'' in cattle
'''Control'''
*Topical [[Ectoparasiticides|insecticide]] application
**Repellents with residual action
[[Category:Parasites]][[Category:Flies]][[Category:Biting_Flies]]