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Injectable Anaesthesia and Analgesia Quiz (view source)

Revision as of 18:09, 29 March 2010

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|linktext = WikiQuiz
 
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|pagetype=Quiz
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|Review= '''Juliet Duncan''' BVM&S MSc DipECVAA MRCVS
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|Review= '''Juliet Duncan''' BVM&S MSc DipECVAA MRCVS <br> '''Richard Hammond''' BSc BVetMed DipECVA DVA PhD MRCVS
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feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Phenothiazines have no reversal agent. Atipamazole is licensed for the reversal of the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine, however it will also reverse other alpha-2 agonists to provide a quick recovery from anaesthesia and sedation. [[Alpha-2 Agonists|WikiVet Article: alpha-2 agonists.]]"
 
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Phenothiazines have no reversal agent. Atipamazole is licensed for the reversal of the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine, however it will also reverse other alpha-2 agonists to provide a quick recovery from anaesthesia and sedation. [[Alpha-2 Agonists|WikiVet Article: alpha-2 agonists.]]"
 
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</WikiQuiz>
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<WikiQuiz
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questionnumber="Injectable anaesthesia & analgesia quiz/8"
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question="Which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug is banned in food producing animals because it has caused death by aplastic anaemia in man?"
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choice1="Phenylbutazone"
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choice3="Flunixin"
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choice2="Meloxicam"
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choice5="Carprofen"
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choice4="Ketoprofen"
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correctchoice="1"
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feedback1="'''Correct!''' Phenylbutazone has caused death by aplastic anaemia in man, and since safe milk and meat residue levels cannot be established, it is banned in food producing animals. Horses treated with phenylbutazone may never be slaughtered for human consumption. [[NSAIDs#Phenylbutazone|phenylbutazone.]]"
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feedback3="'''Incorrect''' Animals treated with flunixin must not be slaughtered for human consumption during treatment but they can be slaughtered after an appropriate withdrawal period. Phenylbutazone has caused death by aplastic anaemia in man, and since safe milk and meat residue levels cannot be established, it is banned in food producing animals. Horses treated with phenylbutazone may never be slaughtered for human consumption. [[NSAIDs#Phenylbutazone|phenylbutazone.]]"
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feedback2="'''Incorrect''' Animals treated with meloxicam must not be slaughtered for human consumption during treatment but they can be slaughtered after an appropriate withdrawal period. Phenylbutazone has caused death by aplastic anaemia in man, and since safe milk and meat residue levels cannot be established, it is banned in food producing animals. Horses treated with phenylbutazone may never be slaughtered for human consumption. [[NSAIDs#Phenylbutazone|phenylbutazone.]]"
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feedback5="'''Incorrect''' Cattle treated with carprofen must not be slaughtered for human consumption during treatment but they can be slaughtered after an appropriate withdrawal period. Carprofen should not be used in horses intended for human consumption. Phenylbutazone has caused death by aplastic anaemia in man, and since safe milk and meat residue levels cannot be established, it is banned in food producing animals. Horses treated with phenylbutazone may never be slaughtered for human consumption. [[NSAIDs#Phenylbutazone|phenylbutazone.]]"
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feedback4="'''Incorrect''' Animals treated with ketoprofen must not be slaughtered for human consumption during treatment but they can be slaughtered after an appropriate withdrawal period. Phenylbutazone has caused death by aplastic anaemia in man, and since safe milk and meat residue levels cannot be established, it is banned in food producing animals. Horses treated with phenylbutazone may never be slaughtered for human consumption. [[NSAIDs#Phenylbutazone|phenylbutazone.]]"
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</WikiQuiz>
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<WikiQuiz
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questionnumber="Injectable anaesthesia & analgesia quiz/7"
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question="Which opioid should never be given intravenously as it will cause massive histamine release?"
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choice2="Pethidine"
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choice4="Methadone"
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choice1="Morphine"
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choice3="Buprenorphine"
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choice5="Fentanyl"
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correctchoice="2"
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feedback2="'''Correct!''' If pethidine is given i.v. it results in histamine release which causes hypotension, tachycardia and bronchoconstriction. [[Opioids#Pethidine|opioids.]]"
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feedback4="'''Incorrect''' Methadone can be given i.v. without causing histamine release. If pethidine is given i.v. it results in histamine release which causes hypotension, tachycardia and bronchoconstriction. [[Opioids#Pethidine|opioids.]]"
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feedback1="'''Incorrect''' Morphine can be given i.v. however it should be given slowly to avoid histamine release. If pethidine is given i.v. it results in histamine release which causes hypotension, tachycardia and bronchoconstriction. [[Opioids#Pethidine|opioids.]]"
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feedback3="'''Incorrect''' Buprenorphine can be given i.v. If pethidine is given i.v. it results in histamine release which causes hypotension, tachycardia and bronchoconstriction. [[Opioids#Pethidine|opioids.]]"
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feedback5="'''Incorrect''' Fentanyl can be given i.v. If pethidine is given i.v. it results in histamine release which causes hypotension, tachycardia and bronchoconstriction. [[Opioids#Pethidine|opioids.]]"
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</WikiQuiz>
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<WikiQuiz
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questionnumber="Injectable anaesthesia & analgesia quiz/6"
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question="Which opioid is a partial OP3 (μ) receptor agonist?"
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choice3="Buprenorphine"
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choice4="Butorphanol"
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choice5="Methadone"
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choice2="Pethidine"
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choice1="Fentanyl"
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correctchoice="3"
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feedback3="'''Correct!''' Buprenorphine is a partial agonist at the OP3 (μ) receptor. This gives it a bell-shaped dose response curve, with large experimental doses actually causing opioid receptor antagonism. Buprenophine may therefore cause partial reversal of administration of full OP3 agonists such as morphine, methadone, pethidine or fentanyl. [[Opioids#Buprenorphine|opioids.]]"
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feedback4="'''Incorrect'''Butorphanol is an antagonist at the OP3 (μ) receptor and an agonist at the OP2 (κ) receptor. Buprenorphine is a partial agonist at the OP3 receptor. This gives it a bell-shaped dose response curve, with large experimental doses actually causing opioid receptor antagonism. Buprenophine may therefore cause partial reversal of administration of full OP3 agonists such as morphine, methadone, pethidine or fentanyl. [[Opioids#Buprenorphine|opioids.]]"
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feedback5="'''Incorrect''' Methadone is a full OP3 (μ) receptor agonist.Buprenorphine is a partial agonist at the OP3 receptor. This gives it a bell-shaped dose response curve, with large experimental doses actually causing opioid receptor antagonism. Buprenophine may therefore cause partial reversal of administration of full OP3 agonists such as morphine, methadone, pethidine or fentanyl. [[Opioids#Buprenorphine|opioids.]]"
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feedback2="'''Incorrect''' Pethidine is a full OP3 (μ) receptor agonist. Buprenorphine is a partial agonist at the OP3 receptor. This gives it a bell-shaped dose response curve, with large experimental doses actually causing opioid receptor antagonism. Buprenophine may therefore cause partial reversal of administration of full OP3 agonists such as morphine, methadone, pethidine or fentanyl. [[Opioids#Buprenorphine|opioids.]]"
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feedback1="'''Incorrect''' Fentanyl is a full OP3 (μ) receptor agonist.Buprenorphine is a partial agonist at the OP3 receptor. This gives it a bell-shaped dose response curve, with large experimental doses actually causing opioid receptor antagonism. Buprenophine may therefore cause partial reversal of administration of full OP3 agonists such as morphine, methadone, pethidine or fentanyl. [[Opioids#Buprenorphine|opioids.]]"
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image= "">
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</WikiQuiz>
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<WikiQuiz
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questionnumber="Injectable anaesthesia & analgesia quiz/5"
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question="Which opioid is an agonist-antagonist?"
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choice4="Butorphanol"
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choice3="Buprenorphine"
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choice5="Methadone"
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choice1="Pethidine"
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choice2="Fentanyl"
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correctchoice="4"
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feedback4="'''Correct!''' Butorphanol is an antagonist at the OP3 (μ) receptor and an agonist at the OP2 (κ) receptor. This means they provide poorer analgesia (due to OP3 antagonism) but it does provide good sedation. If full OP3 agonists are to be used following butorphanol use, they will not be as effective so higher doses may be needed. [[Opioids#Butorphanol|opioids.]]"
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feedback3="'''Incorrect''' Buprenorphine is a partial OP3 (μ) receptor agonist.Butorphanol is an antagonist at the OP3 receptor and an agonist at the OP2 (κ) receptor. This means they provide poorer analgesia (due to OP3 antagonism) but it does provide good sedation. If full OP3 agonists are to be used following butorphanol use, they will not be as effective so higher doses may be needed. [[Opioids#Butorphanol|opioids.]]"
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feedback5="'''Incorrect''' Methadone is a full OP3 (μ) receptor agonist.Butorphanol is an antagonist at the OP3 receptor and an agonist at the OP2 (κ) receptor. This means they provide poorer analgesia (due to OP3 antagonism) but it does provide good sedation. If full OP3 agonists are to be used following butorphanol use, they will not be as effective so higher doses may be needed. [[Opioids#Butorphanol|opioids.]]"
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feedback1="'''Incorrect''' Pethidine is a full OP3 (μ) receptor agonist. Butorphanol is an antagonist at the OP3 receptor and an agonist at the OP2 (κ) receptor. This means they provide poorer analgesia (due to OP3 antagonism) but it does provide good sedation. If full OP3 agonists are to be used following butorphanol use, they will not be as effective so higher doses may be needed. [[Opioids#Butorphanol|opioids.]]"
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feedback2="'''Incorrect''' Fentanyl is a full OP3 (μ) receptor agonist.Butorphanol is an antagonist at the OP3 receptor and an agonist at the OP2 (κ) receptor. This means they provide poorer analgesia (due to OP3 antagonism) but it does provide good sedation. If full OP3 agonists are to be used following butorphanol use, they will not be as effective so higher doses may be needed. [[Opioids#Butorphanol|opioids.]]"
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image= "">
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</WikiQuiz>
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<WikiQuiz
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questionnumber="Injectable anaesthesia & analgesia quiz/4"
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question="Azaparone is used as a premedicant in which species?"
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choice3="Pig"
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choice2="Horse"
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choice5="Cattle"
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choice1="Sheep"
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choice4="Goats"
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correctchoice="3"
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feedback3="'''Correct!''' Azaperone is a butyrophenone which is only licensed for use in pigs. It is used against aggresssion and transport stress, to aid obstetrical intervention and as a premedicant. [[Butyrophenones|butyrophenones.]]"
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feedback2="'''Incorrect''' Azaperone is not licensed in horses in the UK, it is only licensed for use in pigs. It is used against aggresssion and transport stress, to aid obstetrical intervention and as a premedicant. [[Butyrophenones|butyrophenones.]]"
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feedback5="'''Incorrect''' Azaperone is not licensed in cattle in the UK, it is only licensed for use in pigs. It is used against aggresssion and transport stress, to aid obstetrical intervention and as a premedicant. [[Butyrophenones|butyrophenones.]]"
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feedback1="'''Incorrect''' Azaperone is not licensed in sheep in the UK, it is only licensed for use in pigs. It is used against aggresssion and transport stress, to aid obstetrical intervention and as a premedicant. [[Butyrophenones|butyrophenones.]]"
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feedback4="'''Incorrect''' Azaperone is not licensed in goats in the UK, it is only licensed for use in pigs. It is used against aggresssion and transport stress, to aid obstetrical intervention and as a premedicant. [[Butyrophenones|butyrophenones.]]"
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image= "">
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</WikiQuiz>
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<WikiQuiz
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questionnumber="Injectable anaesthesia & analgesia quiz/3"
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question="Which premedicant is contraindicated in breeding stallions?"
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choice4="Acepromazine"
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choice1="Azaperone"
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choice5="Diazepam"
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choice2="Xylazine"
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choice3="Detomidine"
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correctchoice="4"
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feedback4="'''Correct!''' Acepromazine is contraindicated in breeding stallions because it may cause penis protrusion and priapism. [[Phenothiazines#Side Effects and Contraindications|phenothiazines.]]"
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feedback1="'''Incorrect''' Azaperone is not licensed for use in horses in the UK. Acepromazine is contraindicated in breeding stallions because it may cause penis protrusion and priapism. [[Phenothiazines#Side Effects and Contraindications|phenothiazines.]]"
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feedback5="'''Incorrect''' Diazepam is not contraindicated in breeding stallions. Acepromazine is contraindicated in breeding stallions because it may cause penis protrusion and priapism. [[Phenothiazines#Side Effects and Contraindications|phenothiazines.]]"
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feedback2="'''Incorrect''' Xylazine is not contraindicated in breeding stallions. Acepromazine is contraindicated in breeding stallions because it may cause penis protrusion and priapism. [[Phenothiazines#Side Effects and Contraindications|phenothiazines.]]"
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feedback3="'''Incorrect''' Detomidine is not contraindicated in breeding stallions. Acepromazine is contraindicated in breeding stallions because it may cause penis protrusion and priapism. [[Phenothiazines#Side Effects and Contraindications|phenothiazines.]]"
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image= "">
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</WikiQuiz>
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<WikiQuiz
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questionnumber="Injectable anaesthesia & analgesia quiz/2"
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question="Which opioid has the longest duration of action at standard therapeutic doses?"
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choice1="Buprenorphine"
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choice4="Morphine"
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choice3="Methadone"
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choice2="Pethidine"
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choice5="Butorphanol"
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correctchoice="1"
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feedback1="'''Correct!''' Buprenorphine has an onset of action of 45 minutes and its actions last 6-8 hours. [[Opioids#Buprenorphine|opioids.]]"
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feedback4="'''Incorrect''' Morphine has a 10-15 minute onset of action and a duration of action of 2-4 hours. Buprenorphine has an onset of action of 45 minutes and its actions last 6-8 hours. [[Opioids#Buprenorphine|opioids.]]"
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feedback3="'''Incorrect''' Methadone has a 15-30 minute onset of action and a duration of action of around 4 hours. Buprenorphine has an onset of action of 45 minutes and its actions last 6-8 hours. [[Opioids#Buprenorphine|opioids.]]"
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feedback2="'''Incorrect''' Pethidine has a 5-10 minute onset of action and a duration of action of 30-60 minutes. Buprenorphine has an onset of action of 45 minutes and its actions last 6-8 hours. [[Opioids#Buprenorphine|opioids.]]"
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feedback5="'''Incorrect''' Butorphanol has a 15 minute onset of action and a duration of action of 2-4 hours. Buprenorphine has an onset of action of 45 minutes and its actions last 6-8 hours. [[Opioids#Buprenorphine|opioids.]]"
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image= "">
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</WikiQuiz>
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<WikiQuiz
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questionnumber="Injectable anaesthesia & analgesia quiz/1"
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question="Which drug, when used as a premedicant, significantly reduces the risk of death during anaesthesia in horses?"
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choice4="Acepromazine"
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choice1="Azaperone"
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choice3="Diazepam"
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choice2="Xylazine"
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choice5="Detomidine"
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correctchoice="4"
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feedback4="'''Correct!''' The risk of anaesthetic fatalities is much higher in horses than in other species, in fact 1 in 100 horses die within 7 days of anaesthesia and surgery. A study by Johnston et al. showed that there was a marked decrease in risk when acepromazine was used as a premedicant. [[Phenothiazineshttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118928761/abstract|phenothiazines. Link to relevant webpage: The confidential enquiry into perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF): mortality results of Phases 1 and 2.]]"
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feedback1="'''Incorrect''' Azaperone has not been shown to reduce anaesthetic risk in horses, in fact it is not licensed in horses in the UK. The risk of anaesthetic fatalities is much higher in horses than in other species, in fact 1 in 100 horses die within 7 days of anaesthesia and surgery. A study by Johnston et al. showed that there was a marked decrease in risk when acepromazine was used as a premedicant. [[Phenothiazineshttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118928761/abstract|phenothiazines. Link to relevant webpage: The confidential enquiry into perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF): mortality results of Phases 1 and 2.]]"
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feedback3="'''Incorrect''' Diazepam has not been shown to reduce anaesthetic risk in horses. The risk of anaesthetic fatalities is much higher in horses than in other species, in fact 1 in 100 horses die within 7 days of anaesthesia and surgery. A study by Johnston et al. showed that there was a marked decrease in risk when acepromazine was used as a premedicant. [[Phenothiazineshttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118928761/abstract|phenothiazines. Link to relevant webpage: The confidential enquiry into perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF): mortality results of Phases 1 and 2.]]"
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feedback2="'''Incorrect''' Xylazine has not been shown to reduce anaesthetic risk in horses on its own. The risk of anaesthetic fatalities is much higher in horses than in other species, in fact 1 in 100 horses die within 7 days of anaesthesia and surgery. A study by Johnston et al. showed that there was a marked decrease in risk when acepromazine was used as a premedicant. [[Phenothiazineshttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118928761/abstract|phenothiazines. Link to relevant webpage: The confidential enquiry into perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF): mortality results of Phases 1 and 2.]]"
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feedback5="'''Incorrect''' Detomidine has not been shown to reduce anaesthetic risk in horses on its own. The risk of anaesthetic fatalities is much higher in horses than in other species, in fact 1 in 100 horses die within 7 days of anaesthesia and surgery. A study by Johnston et al. showed that there was a marked decrease in risk when acepromazine was used as a premedicant. [[Phenothiazineshttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118928761/abstract|phenothiazines. Link to relevant webpage: The confidential enquiry into perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF): mortality results of Phases 1 and 2.]]"
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image= "">
 
</WikiQuiz>
 
</WikiQuiz>
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