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| | {{review}} | | {{review}} |
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| − | {{toplink
| + | ==Astigmata (mites) introduction== |
| − | |backcolour =
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| − | |linkpage =Parasites
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| − | |linktext =PARASITES
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| − | |pagetype=Bugs
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| − | |sublink1=Arachnida
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| − | |subtext1=ARACHNIDA
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| − | }}
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| − | <br>
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| − | ==Astigmata introduction== | |
| | [[Image:Mange.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Mange on a dog - Wikimedia Commons]] | | [[Image:Mange.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Mange on a dog - Wikimedia Commons]] |
| | Mites are one of the most successful and diverse vertebrate groups. The species of veterinary importance are parasitic, although a few non-parasitic mites are also important, such as oribatid mites (intermediate hosts for [[Anoplocephala|''Anoplocephala'']] and [[Moniezia|''Moniezia'']]) and forage mites. | | Mites are one of the most successful and diverse vertebrate groups. The species of veterinary importance are parasitic, although a few non-parasitic mites are also important, such as oribatid mites (intermediate hosts for [[Anoplocephala|''Anoplocephala'']] and [[Moniezia|''Moniezia'']]) and forage mites. |
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| | The taxonomy of mites is complex as there are over 8 families. In this article the families are split according to their location on the host into sub-surface (burrowing) and surface (non-burrowing) mites. | | The taxonomy of mites is complex as there are over 8 families. In this article the families are split according to their location on the host into sub-surface (burrowing) and surface (non-burrowing) mites. |
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| − | ==Burrowing Mites==
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| − | ===Sarcoptidae===
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| − | ====''Sarcoptes''====
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| − | [[Image:Sarcoptes scabei.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Sarcoptes scabei'' - Wikimedia Commons]]
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| − | [[Image:Sarcoptes scabei 2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Sarcoptes scabei'' - Wikimedia Commons]]
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| − | [[Image:Scabies human skin pruritis.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Scabies on human skin resulting in pruritis - Wikimedia Commons]]
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| − | [[Image:Puppy sarcoptic mange.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Puppy with sarcoptic mange - Wikimedia Commons]]
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| − | '''Recognition'''
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| − | *Small, round mite
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| − | *Short legs
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| − | **Project only a short distance from body margin
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| − | *Dorsal spines
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| − | **Arranged in rows
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| − | *Terminal anus
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| − | *Male is about 250μm in length and the female about 400-430μm in length
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| − | '''Life cycle'''
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| − | *'''3 week''' life cycle
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| − | *Female lays eggs in epidermis in an '''egg laying pocket'''
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| − | *Female feeds on liquid oozing from damaged tissue
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| − | *The eggs hatch in 1 week
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| − | *'''6 legged''' larvae released which crawl to skin surface
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| − | *The larvae then burrow back into the epidermis into '''moulting pockets'''
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| − | *Larvae moult to become '''8 legged''' nymphs
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| − | *Nymphs moult twice before becoming adults
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| − | *Adult males emerge and look for females to mate
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| − | '''Transmission'''
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| − | *Close contact
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| − | *Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another
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| − | '''Pathogenesis'''
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| − | *Erythema with papule formation
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| − | *Scale and crust formation
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| − | **Alopecia
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| − | *Intense pruritus for 1 week
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| − | **Self-inflicted trauma
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| − | **Scab formation
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| − | *Wrinkling and thickening of skin
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| − | *[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Hypersensitivity]] may develop
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| − | **Rash develops
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| − | ''Sarcoptes scabiei''
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| − | *Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Scabies|scabies]]
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| − | *Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish
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| − | '''Diagnosis'''
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| − | *Skin scraping until capillary blood appears
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| − | **Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically
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| − | *Place material on a microscope slide
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| − | *Add 10% KOH
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| − | *Warm slide over bunsen flame
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| − | '''Treatment'''
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| − | *Acaricide
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| − | **For more information on acaricides click [[Ectoparasiticides|here]]
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| − | *Treat both infected and in-contact animals
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| − | *Older products have to be given in repeat treatments
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| − | *Avermectins are effective in farm animals
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| − | *Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs
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| − | *Control for pigs:
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| − | **Treat sows before entering the farrowing pen
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| − | **Treat boars at 6 month intervals
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| − | =====Sarcoptic mange in different species=====
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| − | '''Dogs'''
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| − | *Highly contagious
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| − | *Intense pruritus
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| − | *First signs appear at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows
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| − | '''Cats'''
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| − | *Rare
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| − | '''Pigs'''
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| − | *Important condition, 35% pigs are asymptomatic carriers
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| − | *First signs of infestation appear on the ears before spreading to the rest of the body
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| − | *Transmission from sow to piglets whilst suckling and from boars to gilts at service
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| − | *Infestation adversely affects productivity
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| − | '''Cattle'''
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| − | *Most frequently seen in housed cattle
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| − | *'''Notifiable in USA and Canada'''
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| − | *Often called 'neck and tail mange' as lesions most often seen on neck and tail
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| − | *Infestation adversely affects productivity
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| − | '''Sheep'''
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| − | *'''Notifiable in UK'''
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| − | *Lesions on hairy parts of face
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| − | **E.g. Face, ears, axillae and groin
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| − | *Causes considerable hide damage in local African breeds of long haired sheep
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| − | '''Horses'''
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| − | *'''Notifiable in UK'''
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| − | *Lesions begin on head, neck and shoulders then spread to rest of body | + | Burrowing Mites |
| | + | *Sarcoptidae |
| | + | **[[Sarcoptes|''Sarcoptes'']] |
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