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| | '''[[Coccidiosis - Game Birds|Coccidia of Game Birds]] | | '''[[Coccidiosis - Game Birds|Coccidia of Game Birds]] |
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| | + | '''[[Coccidiosis - Cattle|Coccidia of Cattle]] |
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| − | ==Coccidia of Cattle==
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| − | [[Image:Coccidia ruminant.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Eimeria'' sp. of ruminants - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
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| − | [[Image:Coccidia oocyst ruminant.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Coccidia oocyst from ruminant faeces - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
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| − | *Many species affect cattle
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| − | *Cattle under a year old are usually infected sporadically
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| − |
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| − | *2-3 week prepatent period
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| − |
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| − | *''Eimeria bovis''
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| − | **Endogenous stages in central lacteal of villi and epithelial cells of [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
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| − | **Causes [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] and enteritis
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| − | **Oocysts are 28x20μm
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| − | **Moderately pathogenic
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| − |
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| − | *''Eimeria zuernii''
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| − | **Endogenous stages in connective tissue of lamina propria of the lower [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] and in the epithelial cells of the [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
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| − | **More pathogenic than ''Eimeria bovis''
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| − | **Causes blood stained dysentery, tenesmus and sloughed mucosa
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| − | **Oocysts are spherical and measure 16μm
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| − |
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| − | *Mainly occurs in calves in poor conditions and bought-in calves
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| − | **Also occurs in suckler calves turned out in spring
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| − |
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| − | *''Eimeria alabamensis'' associated with [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] in calves after spring turnout
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| − |
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| − | *[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via colostrum|Passive immunity]] is sufficient during the neonatal period
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| − | *Can be concurrent with cryptosporidium, viral and bacterial agents
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| − |
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| − | '''Diagnosis'''
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| − | *History, clinical signs, [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] (often with blood) and a decrease in weight gain
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| − |
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| − | *Post-mortem
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| − | **Diffuse inflammation and thickening of [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecal]] mucosa (and sometimes [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileal]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colonic]] mucosa)
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| − | **Masses of gamonts and oocysts in scrapings
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| − | *High faecal oocyst count
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| − | **However, healthy animals can pass millions of oocysts from mixed species infections which have no pathogenic significance
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| − | **Animals may die before oocysts are shed
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| − |
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| − | '''Control'''
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| − | *Improve husbandry
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| − | **Improve sanitation
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| − | **Increase bedding
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| − | **Raise food and water troughs to avoid faecal contamination
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| − |
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| − | *Preventative in-feed medication
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| − | **E.g. Decoquinate
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| − |
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| − | *Injectable antiprotozoals may limit oocyst production but animals should still be moved to a clean environment
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| − | **E.g. Sulphamethoxypyridazine
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| | ==Coccidia of Sheep== | | ==Coccidia of Sheep== |