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Created page with '=== Small strongyles (Cyathostomins) === ==== Morphology ==== '''Gross''': *Small worms, <1.5cm long *Small, shallow buccal capsule '''Microscopic''': *Buccal capsule shape *Dou…'
=== Small strongyles (Cyathostomins) ===
==== Morphology ====
'''Gross''':
*Small worms, <1.5cm long
*Small, shallow buccal capsule
'''Microscopic''':
*Buccal capsule shape
*Double row of leaf crowns
*Teeth may be present
==== Life-cycle ====
*Infection by ingestion of L3
*Larvae invade mucosa of large intestine
*Larvae may develop to L4 without interruption
*Cyathostomin larvae can arrest at EL3 stage
*L4 emerge into gut lumen and mature to adult worms
*Prepatent period 8-12 weeks (depending on species)
==== Pathogenicity ====
'''General''':
*Adult and larval worms are plug feeders, restricting the damage to more superficial mucosa
'''Cyathostominosis''':
*Initial infection (L3) → local inflammatory response
*Developing L4s can be seen as brown flecks in the mucosa
*They can be present in very large numbers (→ the so-called "pepper-pot lesion")
*Larval emergence throughout '''summer/autumn''' and plug-feeding of adults → major contributor to the "wormy" horse:
**Unthriftiness
**Poor coat
**Anaemia
**Diarrhoea)
*May be tens or hundreds of thousands of adults and millions of mucosal larvae present
*Emergence of massive numbers of previously arrested larvae in '''late winter/early spring''' → massive inflammatory infiltration → serious disease characterised by severe diarrhoea and/or weight loss (larval or Type 2 cyathostominosis)
[[Category:Strongyloidea]][[Category:Horse_Nematodes]]
==== Morphology ====
'''Gross''':
*Small worms, <1.5cm long
*Small, shallow buccal capsule
'''Microscopic''':
*Buccal capsule shape
*Double row of leaf crowns
*Teeth may be present
==== Life-cycle ====
*Infection by ingestion of L3
*Larvae invade mucosa of large intestine
*Larvae may develop to L4 without interruption
*Cyathostomin larvae can arrest at EL3 stage
*L4 emerge into gut lumen and mature to adult worms
*Prepatent period 8-12 weeks (depending on species)
==== Pathogenicity ====
'''General''':
*Adult and larval worms are plug feeders, restricting the damage to more superficial mucosa
'''Cyathostominosis''':
*Initial infection (L3) → local inflammatory response
*Developing L4s can be seen as brown flecks in the mucosa
*They can be present in very large numbers (→ the so-called "pepper-pot lesion")
*Larval emergence throughout '''summer/autumn''' and plug-feeding of adults → major contributor to the "wormy" horse:
**Unthriftiness
**Poor coat
**Anaemia
**Diarrhoea)
*May be tens or hundreds of thousands of adults and millions of mucosal larvae present
*Emergence of massive numbers of previously arrested larvae in '''late winter/early spring''' → massive inflammatory infiltration → serious disease characterised by severe diarrhoea and/or weight loss (larval or Type 2 cyathostominosis)
[[Category:Strongyloidea]][[Category:Horse_Nematodes]]