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=== ''PARAFILARIA'' SPECIES ===
==== General ====
*Filarial nematode (<6cm long).
*Subcutaneous nodules and intermuscular connective tissue.
*Found in warmer countries (Asia, Africa, Europe, South America; UK in imported horses only).
==== Life-Cycle ====
*Indirect LC, horn fly (''Haematobia'') intermediate host.
*Female worms perforate nodules and lay eggs on skin surface; hatch to L1.
*Fly ingests L1 during feeding, develops to L3 inside fly.
*New host infected when fly feeds on skin wound, L3 enters and matures to adult worm.
*Prepatent period = 8-10months.
==== Pathogenicity ====
*Female worm punctures skin to lay eggs - bleeding points ("sweating blood"); most active in warm weather after horse exercised.
*Lesions only temporary, though reappear the following spring (worms live several years).
[[Category:Filarioidea]]
[[Category:Filarioidea]]
[[Category:Horse_Nematodes]]