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| − | === ''Filaroides'' Infections ===
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| − | *''F. osleri'' is usually associated with particular boarding kennels.
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| − | *Diagnosis and treatment are difficult.
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| − | *The Baermann apparatus is used to recover L1 from faeces.
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| − | *Larvae are, however, few in number and have sluggish movements.
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| − | *They may, therefore, be very difficult to demonstrate in faeces or sputum.
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| − | *Endoscopy (to visualise the tracheal nodules) is often required to confirm diagnosis.
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