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| − | ==Epizootic Lymphangitis==
| + | [[Epizootic Lymphangitis]] |
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| − | *''Histoplasma capsulatum'' var. ''farciminosum''
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| − | **Similar to ''H. capsulatum''
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| − | *Occurs in horses, donkeys and mules
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| − | *90% occurs in horses
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| − | *Occurs in Europe, Africa and Asia
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| − | **Eradicated from the UK but is still under the notifiable Diseases of Animals Act
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| − | *Chronic disease
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| − | *Highly contageous
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| − | **Spread by direct contact or indirect, e.g. through infected grooming equipment, [[Biting Flies|biting flies]]
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| − | *Once established in a population it is very difficult to eradicate
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| − | **Long incubation peroid
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| − | **New cases can develop weeks or months after the infection appears to have been eradicated
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| − | *Affects the [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]], [[Lymphatic Vessels - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph vessels]] and [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology|skin]]
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| − | **Mostly of the [[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology#The Head and Neck|neck]] and [[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology#Limbs of the Domestic Species|limbs]]
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| − | *Causes ulcerative, nodular lesions
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| − | **Dissemination occurs
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| − | **Pulmonary disease can occur
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| − | **Ulcers rupture, discharging blood-stained pus for several weeks
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| − | *Oval or pear shaped cells
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| − | **Double contoured
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| − | **Dimorphic
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| − | ***Grows in the yeast phase at 37°C and in the mycelial phase at room temperature
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| − | **Growth is slow, taking up to 8 weeks
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| − | **At room temperature, thick-walled chlamydospores can be seen
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| − | **Orgnaisms can usually be seen in swollen [[Leukocytes - WikiBlood|leucocytes]]
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| − | *Can be stained using Gram, Giemsa, H & E and 10% Methylene Blue followed by Carbol Fuchsin
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| − | *Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay can be used to detect the fungi
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| − | *Life-long immunity follows recovery from infection
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| − | *Treatment included potassium iodide, [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|hamycin]] and [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|Amphotericin B]]
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| − | **Vaccination has also proven to be effective
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| − | **Injection of hyperimmune serum around skin lesions has been proven to be effective
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| | ==Eumycotic Mycetoma== | | ==Eumycotic Mycetoma== |