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Created page with '{| align="right" |<gallery>Image:Histoplasmosis canine spleen.jpg|<center><p>'''Histoplasmosis in a canine spleen'''</p><sup>Copyright Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. B…'
{| align="right"
|<gallery>Image:Histoplasmosis canine spleen.jpg|<center><p>'''Histoplasmosis in a canine spleen'''</p><sup>Copyright Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. Biol.F.I.Biol., FRCPath</sup></center></gallery>
|}
*''Histoplasma capsulatum''
*Non-contageous, systemic mycosis
*Commonly pulmonary infections occur
**Other organs can be involved
**Involves the reticuloendothelial system
**Intestinal form can also occur
*Acute and chronic disease can occur
*Endemic to the USA
**Isolated cases have been reported in Europe
*Respiratory infection
**Infection via ingestion can also occur
*Affects dogs, cats, cattle, horses and humans
*Found in soil contaminated by bird droppings, decaying vegetation and in caves inhabited by bats
{| align="right"
|<gallery>Image:Histoplasmosis lung.jpg|<center><p>'''Histoplasmosis lesions in lungs'''</p><sup>Copyright Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. Biol.F.I.Biol., FRCPath</sup></center></gallery>
|}
*Fine, branching, septate hyphae with smooth-walled pyriform to spherical microconidia and large, thick-walled tuberculate macroconidia on simple conidiophores
*Dimorphic fungi
*Hard to demonstrate in smears as the organisms is very small
**Stain with Giemsa or Wright and examine under oil immersion lens
*Present intracellularly in [[Macrophages - WikiBlood|macrophages]] as oval yeast cells with few buds
**Clear halo is seen around the darker staining central material
*Grows on Sabouraud's Dextrose agar
**Creamy white colonies, turning tan coloured and then brown
*Also grows on Blood agar
**Small, white yeast-like colonies
*Test using immunodiffusion, complement fixation and counterimmunoelectrophoresis
**Skin test of little value as it only indicates exposure
*Treatment with [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|Amphotericin B]]
**If [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|Amphotericin B]] is contra-indicated, [[Antifungal Drugs#Imidazoles|imidazoles]] can be given orally
*The prognosis is poor in acute and disseminated cases
{| align="center"
|<gallery>Image:Histoplasmosis canine spleen silver stain.jpg|<center><p>'''Histoplasmosis in a canine spleen using silver stain'''</p><sup>Copyright Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. Biol.F.I.Biol., FRCPath</sup></center>
Image:Histoplasmosis phagocyte.jpg|<center><p>'''Histoplasmosis phagocyte'''</p><sup>Copyright Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. Biol.F.I.Biol., FRCPath</sup></center>
Image:Histoplasmosis tuberculate chlamydospores.jpg|<center><p>'''Histoplasmosis tuberculate chlamydospores'''</p><sup>Copyright Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. Biol.F.I.Biol., FRCPath</sup></center></gallery>
|}
[[Category:Systemic_Mycoses]]
|<gallery>Image:Histoplasmosis canine spleen.jpg|<center><p>'''Histoplasmosis in a canine spleen'''</p><sup>Copyright Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. Biol.F.I.Biol., FRCPath</sup></center></gallery>
|}
*''Histoplasma capsulatum''
*Non-contageous, systemic mycosis
*Commonly pulmonary infections occur
**Other organs can be involved
**Involves the reticuloendothelial system
**Intestinal form can also occur
*Acute and chronic disease can occur
*Endemic to the USA
**Isolated cases have been reported in Europe
*Respiratory infection
**Infection via ingestion can also occur
*Affects dogs, cats, cattle, horses and humans
*Found in soil contaminated by bird droppings, decaying vegetation and in caves inhabited by bats
{| align="right"
|<gallery>Image:Histoplasmosis lung.jpg|<center><p>'''Histoplasmosis lesions in lungs'''</p><sup>Copyright Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. Biol.F.I.Biol., FRCPath</sup></center></gallery>
|}
*Fine, branching, septate hyphae with smooth-walled pyriform to spherical microconidia and large, thick-walled tuberculate macroconidia on simple conidiophores
*Dimorphic fungi
*Hard to demonstrate in smears as the organisms is very small
**Stain with Giemsa or Wright and examine under oil immersion lens
*Present intracellularly in [[Macrophages - WikiBlood|macrophages]] as oval yeast cells with few buds
**Clear halo is seen around the darker staining central material
*Grows on Sabouraud's Dextrose agar
**Creamy white colonies, turning tan coloured and then brown
*Also grows on Blood agar
**Small, white yeast-like colonies
*Test using immunodiffusion, complement fixation and counterimmunoelectrophoresis
**Skin test of little value as it only indicates exposure
*Treatment with [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|Amphotericin B]]
**If [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|Amphotericin B]] is contra-indicated, [[Antifungal Drugs#Imidazoles|imidazoles]] can be given orally
*The prognosis is poor in acute and disseminated cases
{| align="center"
|<gallery>Image:Histoplasmosis canine spleen silver stain.jpg|<center><p>'''Histoplasmosis in a canine spleen using silver stain'''</p><sup>Copyright Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. Biol.F.I.Biol., FRCPath</sup></center>
Image:Histoplasmosis phagocyte.jpg|<center><p>'''Histoplasmosis phagocyte'''</p><sup>Copyright Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. Biol.F.I.Biol., FRCPath</sup></center>
Image:Histoplasmosis tuberculate chlamydospores.jpg|<center><p>'''Histoplasmosis tuberculate chlamydospores'''</p><sup>Copyright Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. Biol.F.I.Biol., FRCPath</sup></center></gallery>
|}
[[Category:Systemic_Mycoses]]