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Created page with '*Pathogenesis and pathogenicity: **Commensal in the mouth and intestinal tract of cattle and sheep **Penetrates damaged mucosa to cause chronic granulomatous inflammation of soft…'
*Pathogenesis and pathogenicity:
**Commensal in the mouth and intestinal tract of cattle and sheep
**Penetrates damaged mucosa to cause chronic granulomatous inflammation of soft tissues, a condition known as Actinobacillosis
**Enodogenous, sporadic infection
**Lesions in the tongue, cheek, lips and sometimes in the lower gut and lungs from aspiration
**Often spreads from the site of infection to lymphatics, and may cause pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis
**[[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Wooden tongue|Myositis]] and formation of fibrous tissue in the lesions lead to hardening of the tissue, hence the condition is known as 'wooden tongue' in cattle
**In sheep abscesses with thick walls are produced
**Feeding is impaired, causing loss of condition
**Infection in the oesophageal groove can cause tympany and enlargement of the retropharyngeal lymph node, causing difficulty in swallowing and breathing
**[[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|Cutaneous lesions]] in cattle and sheep
**Contamination of the environment via ulcerating lesions
*Diagnosis:
**Induration of tongue
**Tissue sections may demonstrate pyogranulomatous foci containing club colonies
**Gram negative rods may be present in smears from exudates
**Cultures on blood agar and MacConkey agar, incubated for 24-72 hours
**Blood agar: small, sticky, non-haemolytic clonies
**MacConkey agar: slow lactose fermentation
*Treatment:
**Sodium iodide parenterally, or potassium iodide orally
**Potentiated sulphonamides or a penicillin/streptomycin combination
**Rough feed should be avoided
[[Category:Actinobacillus species]][[Category:Cattle]]
**Commensal in the mouth and intestinal tract of cattle and sheep
**Penetrates damaged mucosa to cause chronic granulomatous inflammation of soft tissues, a condition known as Actinobacillosis
**Enodogenous, sporadic infection
**Lesions in the tongue, cheek, lips and sometimes in the lower gut and lungs from aspiration
**Often spreads from the site of infection to lymphatics, and may cause pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis
**[[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Wooden tongue|Myositis]] and formation of fibrous tissue in the lesions lead to hardening of the tissue, hence the condition is known as 'wooden tongue' in cattle
**In sheep abscesses with thick walls are produced
**Feeding is impaired, causing loss of condition
**Infection in the oesophageal groove can cause tympany and enlargement of the retropharyngeal lymph node, causing difficulty in swallowing and breathing
**[[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|Cutaneous lesions]] in cattle and sheep
**Contamination of the environment via ulcerating lesions
*Diagnosis:
**Induration of tongue
**Tissue sections may demonstrate pyogranulomatous foci containing club colonies
**Gram negative rods may be present in smears from exudates
**Cultures on blood agar and MacConkey agar, incubated for 24-72 hours
**Blood agar: small, sticky, non-haemolytic clonies
**MacConkey agar: slow lactose fermentation
*Treatment:
**Sodium iodide parenterally, or potassium iodide orally
**Potentiated sulphonamides or a penicillin/streptomycin combination
**Rough feed should be avoided
[[Category:Actinobacillus species]][[Category:Cattle]]