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*Outbreaks of listeriosis often linked to silage feeding
*Outbreaks of listeriosis often linked to silage feeding
*Occurs in North and East Europe and North America
*Occurs in North and East Europe and North America
===Characteristics===
===Characteristics===
*Bacteria induce formation of pseudopod projections in the cytoplasmic membrane, which are taken up with the bacteria into adjacent cells
*Bacteria induce formation of pseudopod projections in the cytoplasmic membrane, which are taken up with the bacteria into adjacent cells
*Cell-mediated immune response required for protection
*Cell-mediated immune response required for protection
===Clinical infections===
===Clinical infections===
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===Diagnosis===
===Diagnosis===
*High protein and cell counts in CSF
*High protein and cell counts in CSF
*Isolation on blood and MacConkey agar
*Isolation on blood and MacConkey agar
===Treatment and control===
===Treatment and control===
*Sub-conjuntival antibiotics and corticosteroids for ocular listeriosis
*Sub-conjuntival antibiotics and corticosteroids for ocular listeriosis
*Avoid poor quality silage and discontinue silage-feeding in an outbreak
*Avoid poor quality silage and discontinue silage-feeding in an outbreak
[[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]
[[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]