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[[Image:Steth_crop.jpg|400px|thumb|right|(Copyright © RVC)]]
[[Image:Steth_crop.jpg|400px|thumb|right|(Copyright © RVC)]]
==Introduction==
==Introduction==
The physical examination involves observation of the snake, taking measurements and a thorough methodical area by area examination. Many techniques are similar to other animals, but before examining the snake ask the owner if it is accustomed to being handled. [[Snake Handling and Restraint|See here]] for information on handling and restraint of snakes. A veterinarian who is inexperienced with reptiles may be likely to focus on the presenting signs but then can end up treating exclusively the secondary problems. Stomatitis and rectal prolapse are secondary conditions where a full examination with husbandry review, including [[Snake Housing|housing]] and [[Snake Feeding|nutrition]], is vital in determining the principal problem.
The physical examination involves observation of the snake, taking measurements and a thorough methodical area by area examination. Many techniques are similar to other animals, but before examining the snake ask the owner if it is accustomed to being handled. [[Snake Handling and Restraint|See here]] for information on handling and restraint of snakes. A veterinarian who is inexperienced with reptiles may be likely to focus on the presenting signs but may end up treating exclusively the secondary problems. Stomatitis and rectal prolapse are secondary conditions where a full examination with husbandry review, including [[Snake Housing|housing]] and [[Snake Feeding|nutrition]], is vital in determining the principal problem.
==Observation==
==Observation==
Snakes should have active [[Snake Special Senses|tongues]] that are sampling scent particles in the atmosphere (see [[Jacobsons organ|Jacobson's organ]]). Normal movement should be observed although allowances must be made for any chilling effect in transit since this will reduce the patient's metabolism and give a misleading impression of lethargy and lack of strength. A healthy snake will have adequate muscle tone and grip the clinician's hands. Review how to correctly [[Snake Handling and Restraint|handle and restrain a snake]]). There will be a level of activity befitting the particular [[:Category:Snake Species|species]]. A sick snake usually remains limp. The righting reflex should be tested since poor reactions can be a result of weakness and not necessarily neurological disease. [[Snake Neurological System|Neurological function]] can be assessed by checking head position, body posture, cloacal tone and righting reflexes. [[Snake Respiratory System|Respiration]], including rib movements and any sounds produced should be noted.
Snakes should have active [[Snake Special Senses|tongues]] that are sampling scent particles in the atmosphere (see [[Jacobsons organ|Jacobson's organ]]). Normal movement should be observed although allowances must be made for any chilling effect in transit since this will reduce the patient's metabolism and give a misleading impression of lethargy and lack of strength. A healthy snake will have adequate muscle tone and grip the clinician's hands. Review how to correctly [[Snake Handling and Restraint|handle and restrain a snake]]). There will be a level of activity befitting the particular [[:Category:Snake Species|species]]. A sick snake usually remains limp. The righting reflex should be tested since poor reactions can be a result of weakness and not necessarily neurological disease. [[Snake Neurological System|Neurological function]] can be assessed by checking head position, body posture, cloacal tone and righting reflexes. [[Snake Respiratory System|Respiration]], including rib movements and any sounds produced should be noted.